中国宏观每月快讯 3月经济状况改善,建筑业利好

摘要

我们预计工业和服务业将在3月份复苏。另一个预期将出现反弹的行业,将是建筑材料。

我们增持中国建筑材料和基建行业,因为原材料需求增加,以及基建项目融资规模较大。

供给侧:工业和服务业在3月复苏
 

工业:
2020年前两个月,中国工业增加值同比下降13.5%,其中采矿业同比下降6.5%,制造业同比下降15.7%,公用事业同比下降7.1%。(图1)
根据发电日耗煤量的高频数据显示(图2),3月份复工情况明显改善。今年2月和3月的发电耗煤量较去年同期跃增80%。考虑到2019年3月工业增加值的基数较高(环比增长50.5%,同比增长8.50%),我们预计今年3月的工业增加值的增速将会放缓。
3月,制造业PMI (图3) 大幅改善,生产分项创2018年以来的新高。结合发电耗煤量数据,我们预测3月工业增加值降幅较2月同期 (同比下降13.5%)有所收窄,这将带动2020年一季度的工业增加值增速回升。

  

服务业:
2020年前两个月,中国的服务业指数同比下降13.0% (图4),其中金融业同比增长4.5%,IT服务业同比增长3.8%,而其他行业均有不同程度的下滑。
3月,考虑到病毒爆发后的经济有所复苏,以及服务业的商品大部分集中在中国内地,受海外疫情影响较小,我们预计服务业生产指数将回升至2019年3月的水平。
总体来看,2020年一季度的工业增长率将出现收缩,但由于服务业占中国GDP中的比重较大 (50%以上),我们预计一季度的经济下滑幅度将略低于13%。 

 

 需求侧:建筑投资回升消费:2020年前两个月,中国社会消费品零售总额达到5.2万亿元人民币,同比下降20.5%,社会消费品零售额 (不包括汽车) 达到4.8万亿元人民币,同比下降18.9%,汽车销售额同比下降37% (图5)。从日均汽车销量高频数据来看 (图6),3月份的汽车销量增长仍为负增长,但其降幅较2月份有所收窄。从PMI需求分项来看 (图7),国内需求的表现优于海外需求,反映出疫情过后,国内消费正逐步复苏。我们预计,3月份的中国汽车消费和社会消费品销售将较2月份有所收窄。

固定资产投资:

2020年前两个月,中国固定资产投资同比下降24.5% (图8),其中制造业投资同比下降31.5%,基础设施投资同比下降26.9%,而房地产投资则同比下降16.3%。

从高频数据中,我们观察到,钢材库存在3月中旬见顶,并在3月底和4月初开始回落。参照高炉开工率 (钢铁制造业) 从2月底开始持续上升 (图9)。我们认为,钢材库存从峰值回落主要是因为需求上升,而不是生产收缩。此外,基于3月份建筑业及其从业人员的PMI反弹,我们预计3月份钢材需求量较大的建筑业及其他行业将会有所改善。

房地产:

2020年前两个月,房地产投资同比下滑16.3%,施工面积同比增长2.9%;竣工面积同比下降22.9%,而新开工面积同比下降44.9% (图10)。

1-2月份,土地征用和地价的增长率同比分别下降29.3%和36.2%。销售面积同比下降39.9%,而销售额同比下降35.9% (图11)。

基础设施:

2020年前两个月,基础设施投资 (不含电力) 同比下降30.3%。

3月,专项债务融资总额为1542亿元人民币 (图12)。2020年一季度,专项债务融资规模达到1.104万亿元人民币,比去年同期增加3868亿元人民币。

我们相信,随着中国各项新基建项目的逐步实施,基建融资将转化为投资支出,我们预计3月的基建投资增速将显著回升。

投资行动:

我们增持中国建筑材料业和基建行业。

建筑材料:

由于需求上升,我们看好建筑材料行业。此外,基于3月份建筑业及其从业人员的PMI有所回升,我们预计建材业的表现将在3月有所改善。

中国建材板块在2020财年目前的市盈率为12.5倍,低于A股总市盈率的15.9倍。

基础设施:

我们相信,随着中国各项新基建项目的逐步实施,基建融资将转化为投资支出,我们预计3月的基建投资增速将显著回升。

 
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