期权会贬值? 拆解内在与时间价值,看懂期权价值波动的真相

期权会贬值? 拆解内在与时间价值,看懂期权价值波动的真相

Karmen Zeng

14 Aug 2025  |    86 views

上期我们介绍了各种影响期权价值的因素,那么,当多种因素联动,又会如何影响期权价值呢?
本期我们将会从期权的不同价值组成,内在价值(Intrinsic Value, IV)和外在价值(时间价值,Time Value, TV)来理解。

 

1. 内在价值(Intrinsic Value)

 

 

– 是指立即行权时,能获得的价值。通过比较正股市价/目标股票价(Stock Price)和行权价(Exercise Price)获得

看涨期权:

    • 内在价值 = 正股市价 – 行权价
    • 假设:正股市价为USD100

  • 价外(Out of the money)
    • 市价($100) < 行权价($120),股票现价低于行权价,该看涨期权不含内在价值(IV = 0)
  • 等价(At the money)
    • 市价($100) = 行权价($100),该看涨期权不含内在价值(IV = 0)
  • 价内(In the money)
    • 市价($100) > 行权价($80),现价高于行权价,且该看涨期权含内在价值:现价 – 行权价(IV = 100 – 80 = 20)

看跌期权:

    • 内在价值 = 行权价 – 正股市价
    • 假设:正股市价为USD100

  • 价外(Out of the money)
    • 市价($100) < 行权价($120),股票现价低于行权价,该看跌期权含内在价值(IV = 120 – 100 = 20)
  • 等价(At the money)
    • 市价($100) = 行权价($100),该看涨期权不含内在价值(IV = 0)
  • 价外(Out of the money)
    • 市价($100) > 行权价($80),现价高于行权价,且该看跌期权不含内在价值(IV = 0)

(操作:Poems 3.0 APP —— 点击“交易”页面 > 期权 > 搜索股票代码 Poems Web —— 点击“交易” 或 “价格”页面 > 期权 > 搜索股票代码 )

 

2. 时间价值(Time Value)

 

 

– 指在合约到期前,其剩余时间所占的部分

– 时间价值 = 期权金(Options Premium) – 内在价值

主要影响因素:

距离到期日时间

 

    • 时间值耗损(Time Decay):时间价值会随着剩余时间减少而呈加速状态减少;越接近到期时,时间值耗损越快。
    • 假设其他因素不变,若期权距离到期日越长,即剩余时间越长,所以其时间值越多
  • 2.波幅(Volatility)
    • 当波幅越大,看涨期权和看跌期权成为价内的机会越高——所以,波幅越大,时间值越高,期权金也越高
    • 波幅可分为历史波幅(Historical volatility)和引伸波幅(Implied volatility)

看涨期权:

    • -假设股价为USD100,执行价为USD100,且波动率不变

  • 假设股价、执行价、波动率均不变,其看涨期权价值会随到期天数减少而减少
  • 对于期权买方来说,时间就是敌人,若股价不变或上涨不够快,随着到期日的接近,对买方来讲,可能会出现亏损
  • 而对期权卖方来讲,时间就是朋友,能从股价不涨时获利,每天赚取时间价值

看跌期权:

    • -假设执行价为USD100

  • 对于期权买方来说,时间价值的减少对他们是不利的,即使标的价格不变,随着时间值耗损增加,其期权价值也会出现亏损;若想获得最佳市场走势,是当股价大幅下跌,快速进入价内状态时,其期权价值增加
  • 而对期权卖方来说,时间价值每天流入,对他们是有利的,当股价维持不变或上涨时,可以通过时间价值获利

 

总结

通过了解影响期权价值的不同因素,能帮助我们更好地了解其影响。但是,面对实际行情,这些因素都不是单一影响期权价值的,所以我们需要一个更综合的分析。

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