期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素 June 24, 2025

期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

上期我们介绍了期权的关键组成因素、基本策略及其风险指标,但事实上,期权价值是受多种因素的综合影响,这些因素都在不同程度上左右其价格。而本期,我们将会列出5大影响因素,以便投资者们了解如何操作判断。

影响期权价格的因素

期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

1. 标的资产价格

看涨期权:

  • 收益(Payoff)= 标的资产价格(Market Price of the Underlying Asset) – 行权价(Exercise Price)
  • 假设行权价(Exercise Price)保持不变:
  • 当标的价格上升,期权买方能够/愿意以低于市场价的价格购买标的资产 —
  • —— 标的资产价格 > 行权价 —— 看涨期权价值上升,收益增加

看跌期权:

  • 收益(Payoff)= 行权价(Exercise Price) – 标的资产价格(Market Price of the Underlying Asset)
  • 假设行权价(Exercise Price)保持不变:
  • 当标的价格上升,期权买方能以低于市场价的价格卖出标的资产 —— 行权价 > 标的资产价格 —— 看跌期权价值下跌,收益下降

2.行权价格

看跌期权

  • – 假设标的价格(Market Price)不变:
    当行权价格越低,期权买方能以更低的价格买入标的资产,行权可能性越大,看涨期权价格越高

看跌期权:

  • – 假设标的价格(Market Price)不变:
    当行权价格越高,期权买方能以更高的价格卖出标的资产,行权可能性越大,看跌期权价格越高

3.合约到期期限

  • – 时间价值(Time Value) = 期权价值(Option Value)- 内在价值(Intrinsic Value)
  • – 一般来说,无论是看涨期权还是看跌期权,剩余时间越长,标的资产价格发生有利波动的可能性越多,长期期权的获利机会也越多
  • 期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

4. 标的资产波动率

  • 论是看涨还是看跌期权,其价值通常与波动率呈正相关。
  • 标的资产波动率(即引伸波幅,Implied Volatility)越高,意味着波动范围大,股价突破看涨期权的行权价/跌破看跌期权的行权价的可能性越大。

5.市场无风险利率

  • – 无风险利率通常指短期国债的利率
  • 看涨期权:
    • – 当无风险利率越高,持有标的资产的机会成本(Oppotunity Cost)增加,期权买方更倾向于持有期权,而非持有标的资产;
    • – 同时,未来买入标的资产所需支付的金额,其现值降低,因此看涨期权的价值上升。
  • 看跌期权:
    • – 当无风险利率越高,持有现金的吸引力增加,未来行权获得的现金现值减少,看跌期权价值因此降低。

期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

总结

以上所述都是在其他因素不变情况下适用的一般规则。其中,标的资产价格、行权价格、合约到期期限和市场无风险利率都可以直接观察,但标的资产波动率则需要通过估算得出。不同的波动率预测会导致不同的期权定价,从而影响操作判断。

因此,在实际操作中,期权价值是多种因素共同作用的结果。投资者们需要了解各因素对期权价值的影响,并结合合理的风险管理策略,以便做出更为明智的投资决策。

期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

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期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

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期权会贬值?了解影响期权价值的因素

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关于作者

Karmen Zeng
辉立证券环球交易部中文资深交易员

Karmen是辉立证券环球交易部中文团队的资深交易员。她主要负责各国股市的分析与交易,为客户提供更好的账户管理。她毕业于新加坡管理大学,获得应用金融学硕士学位,利用专业知识为中文团队添砖加瓦

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