研报 | 美国银行业三季度汇报:净利息收入来自降息的压力,被存款增长所抵消

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2019年11月4日

Invesco KBW Bank ETF | 股票代码:KBWB

收盘价:USD 54.58 | 年初迄今回报:26.4%

First Trust Nasdaq Bank ETF | 股票代码:FTXO

收盘价:USD 26.61 | 年初迄今回报:21.9%

SPDR S&P Bank ETF | 股票代码:KBE

收盘价:USD 44.95 | 年初迄今回报:22.5%

 

摘要

我们对美国银行业维持增持评级。估值仍然很低。在降息的背景下,银行业面临着净利息收入(NII)温和增长,以及广泛的净息差(NIM)压力。净收入同比增长1.9%。加息的暂停使银行受益。

贷款同比增长了2.4%,受到消费 (同比增长3.8%) 和抵押贷款 (同比增长39%)的推动。为银行业降低融资成本和提高存款增长率,在一定程度上抵消了降息带来的影响。

尽管处于低基数的净冲销有所增加,但资产质量仍保持在健康水平

 

在降息的背景下,NII 温和增长。由于持续的降息和全球增长放缓,2019年三季度的业绩与预期基本相符。我们看到,美国四大吸纳存款银行的NIM 承受着广泛的压力。平均而言,NIM 下降3个基点 (图1),而NII 则同比下降1.3% (图2)。NII总额受到WFC的较差的NII 所拖累 (同比下降7.5%)。不包括WFC,NII总额上升了0.8%。NII增长不佳主要是因为:i) 较低的短期利率,使浮动利率资产的收益率下降;ii) 加快抵押贷款支持证券的提前支付,增加溢价摊销成本。由于全球宏观经济前景放缓,银行业预计2019年四季度的NII走势疲软。从积极的方面来看,美联储已经发出暂停降息的信号,这将缓和NII增长放缓的势头。

消费持续支持贷款增长。美国四大银行的贷款总额同比增长2.4% (图3)。我们看到了喜忧参半的结果,因为BAC 和C 报告了贷款同比增长分别为5.1% 和4.2%,WFC 报告了1.9%的同比增长,而JPM 则公布同比下降了1% (由于出售住宅抵押贷款)。以上四家银行均公布了强劲的消费贷款增长,尤其是信用卡贷款和初始抵押贷款。信用卡贷款同比平均增长3.8% (图4),而初始抵押贷款同比增长39% (图5),主要是由于利率的下降。展望未来,在美联储降息以支撑美国经济的背景下,我们预计消费贷款增速将温和放缓。我们认为,由于住房供应紧张,三季度抵押贷款的强劲增长势头不太可能持续下去 (图6)。

存款增长强劲,存款成本较低。存款总额平均增长强劲,同比增长4.7%,而核心存款同比增长了3% (图7),主要是由于无息存款增长所致。在低利率的环境下,随着收益较高的CDs 对投资者的吸引力下降,预计无息存款将增长更多。我们还预计整体的存款成本将降低。由于零售存款的存款贝塔系数较低,我们预计不会大幅下调定价。具有较高贝塔系数的批发银行存款将更快地向下重新定价,从而降低存款成本。

尽管坏账冲销较高,但信贷质量保持良好。不良贷款仍处于历史低位。2019年三季度,四大存款银行,不良贷款占贷款总额的比率为0.48%,而2018年三季度为0.58%,2017年三季度为0.73% (图8)。然而,我们看到过去三个季度的处于较低基数的净冲销有所上升 (图9)。2019年三季度,这四家银行的净冲销总额为11.85亿美元,而2018年三季度为11亿美元。随着我们进入扩张周期的后期,我们将继续预计净冲销会逐渐增加。但对2019年四季度及2020年初而言,这不太可能具有重大意义。

整体IB 收入强劲。存款银行中的BAC (同比增长27.3%) 和JPM (同比增长7.4%),其IB收入均有所增长。至于投资银行,GS报告称其IB收入下降了15%,而MS 公布增长了4.3%。六家银行的IB收入总额同比增长了3.2% (图10)。这些银行表示,IB的积压仍然健康,但由于2018年四季度的表现太过强劲,预计2019年四季度的收入同比将有所下降。

建议
我们对美国银行业仍然维持增持评级。我们认为,进入2019年四季度和2020年初,NII增长将逐步下降,主要是受到全球经济增长放缓的影响。当前NII 增长受到强劲的消费增长的支撑,但我们预计,由于消费支出增长放缓,致使NII增长将放缓。然而,我们相信,贷款增长放缓将被较低的融资成本和无息存款的强劲增长所抵消。银行目前的市盈率为11.7倍 (图11),处于历史平均水平。我们认为,由于强劲的存款增长和银行收益的多样化,仍有上升潜力。

 

 

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