2020美国大选对医疗板块影响

提纲概述:

• 药品成本紧紧抓住美国选民的心。两位总统候选人都明白这一点,并承诺会降低医疗成本。
• 如果特朗普胜出,预计制药和医疗保险类股会上涨
• 如果拜登获胜,预计医疗保健提供商和生物科技类股将成为赢家。
• 无论谁获胜,行业前景乐观。
• 对药品利润的影响,可能会被对医疗保险覆盖面的扩大,以及加大对先进医疗技术研发资金的投入所抵消。

 

1. 药品价格

不断上涨的药品价格推高了美国的医疗服务和保险的成本。根据国家卫生支出数据,在过去10年里,美国的药品支出增长了40%以上。药品价格上涨归因于研发和创新成本,以及销售和营销成本,因为美国允许药品在电视上打广告。制药企业也纷纷在合并和收购公司,以及回购股票。这样导致了企业的支出增加,而这些费用则通过提高药品价格来转嫁给消费者。

据匹兹堡大学药品政策和处方中心在2020年发表的一项研究显示,在10年期间,美国处方药净成本的增长速度是其国内通胀率的3倍。对美国人来说,这是一个令人担忧的趋势。

 

 
特朗普提出了什么建议?

唐纳德 特朗普总统在上次的竞选期间,承诺会降低处方药品的成本。然而,在过去3年里,药品价格并没有太大的变动或下降。相反,这些年来它们呈指数级地在增长。
尽管特朗普表示,他将提出一个更实惠和更好的医疗保险计划,但由于这些法案尚未获得国会的通过,目前还没有实施或执行这些相关的计划。特朗普签署的一些行政命令 – 尚未通过成为法律的包括:
    

 

拜登提出了什么建议?

民主党 (拜登) 已提议追踪药品价格,不让它们的涨幅快于通胀。他们还希望规范目前阻止新竞争对手加入的药品专利体系,并防止滥用。最重要的是,他们想要停止“充满惊喜的账单”。这指的是患者因保险公司不承保的治疗而面临的意外巨额账单。民主党还打算取消制药公司与医疗保险就药品价格问题进行谈判的权利。他们的各种提案同样需要得到国会的批准,并可能与其他尚在考虑中的提案一起实施。

 

这对市场意味着什么?

两位候选人的提案似乎都有一个共同目标:降低药品价格和医疗成本,使美国人更能负担得起医疗保险。
如果他们其中一位继任下届总统,能使其提案具体化并付诸行动,那制药类股可能会应声下跌,因为降低药品价格可能会损害利润率及盈利能力。
我们关注的制药类股票包括:

 

2. 医疗保险

医疗保险是一项主要针对65岁及以上(退休人士)美国人的联邦医疗保险计划。它还涵盖小部分年轻的残疾人士或终末期肾病患者。
医疗保险包括四部分:

基本医疗保险通常指的是A和B部分。受益人可以选择从私人保险公司购买C 和/或D部分,以补充他们的基本医疗保险。这是因为基本医疗保险只覆盖70-80%的医疗支出,而对共同支付部分是没有上限的。目前,大约三分之一的受益人参加了联邦医疗保险优势计划。

 

特朗普提出什么建议?

特朗普总统在他的整个任期内,一直在推动医疗保险私有化。他加快了诸如联邦医疗保险优势计划,这类私人计划的注册。如果成功连任,他打算永久削减医疗保险的工资税资金。这将间接取消联邦对医疗保险的资助,并将其进一步推向私人医疗保险市场。

如果特朗普总统连任:

预计将更大幅度转向私人医疗保险,即联邦医疗保险优势计划

这将使保险公司受益。

 

拜登提出什么建议?

乔拜登打算将参加医疗保险的年龄从65岁降低至60岁。他还希望将医疗保险的覆盖范围扩大至牙科,视力和听力治疗,目前所有这些都被排除在外。

如果乔拜登当选:

扩大保险覆盖面可能会增加医疗服务的使用率。

这将使医疗保险服务提供商受益。

 

3. 奥巴马医改计划

奥巴马医改也被称为2010平价医疗法案(简称ACA)。该法案致力于为所有美国人提供负担得起的医疗保险。它还旨在保护消费者免受保险公司故意抬高患者费用或限制护理的侵害。人们对ACA的看法褒贬不一。铁杆粉因该法案的可负担性和广泛的覆盖面,而将其视为是美国人的必需品。批评人士认为,该法案导致的税收增加和保险费用的增加对美国人不利。

 

特朗普提出什么建议?

特朗普希望用“美国优先的医疗保险计划”来“废除和取代”ACA。后者不支付处方药或住院费用,并将要求消费者在参保前接受医学评估。根据患者的健康状况和年龄,这可能会导致更高的保费。

当前的ACA旨在通过要求制药商在保险覆盖缺口阶段,支付品牌药品价格50%的回扣,以“缩小保险覆盖缺口”。这是为了确保患者支付的费用相当于所提供的所有品牌药品折扣价的80%。让制药公司雪上加霜的是,两党共同通过的2018年预算法案,将回扣设定在70%。

如果特朗普连任并成功废除了ACA

辉瑞和默克等制药商的股价将可能会上涨,因为它们将拥有更大的定价权,从而提高其盈利能力。

保险公司还可以从被特朗普政府拟议的医疗保险计划拒之门外的消费者群体的签约中获益。

 

拜登提出什么建议?

另一方面,拜登则试图在现有ACA的基础上再接再厉。他打算为美国人提供更多的保险选择,削减医疗成本,并简化他们对医疗体系的导航。拜登还打算为新冠肺炎增加设备制造,检测和追踪,以及对新疗法的开发。这一发展方向可能会给生物科技和医疗器械行业带来极大的福祉。

如果拜登当选并实施其计划:

安进和吉利德等生物科技公司可能会从增加对生物科技行业的资助中获益。

那么像雅培实验室等医疗器械公司也可能从中受益。

 

前景
无论谁当选,只要下一任总统能让法案通过并执行,我们都认为美国医疗行业前景乐观。尽管降低药品价格可能会损害制药公司的盈利能力,但其影响可能会被其他医疗计划所抵消,这些计划包括扩大医保覆盖范围,以及对先进医疗技术的研发投入更多的资金。

 

可参考如下网址:

 

 

 

 

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