Quantitative trading
Table of Contents
Quantitative trading
The father of quantitative analysis is Harry Markowitz, one of the first to use mathematical models in financial markets. Quantitative trading is a strategy used by institutional investors and hedge funds, but it is slowly making its way into the vocabulary of everyday retail investors. Quantitative traders use cutting-edge tools, mathematical models, and readily accessible comprehensive data to make informed trading judgments.
What is quantitative trading?
Quantitative trading is a market strategy that uses statistical and mathematical models to find opportunities and frequently act on them. The name of the strategy comes from the fact that quantitative analysis drives the models. It is sometimes referred to as “quant” or “quant trading.”
Research and measurement are used in quantitative analysis to reduce complicated behavioural patterns to numerical values. It disregards qualitative analysis, which assesses opportunities based on arbitrary elements like management talent or brand power.
Due to the high computing demands of quant trading, only large institutional investors and hedge funds have historically used it. However, in recent years, new technology has also made it possible for a growing number of independent traders to participate.
How does quantitative trading work?
Quantitative trading relies heavily on data and calculates the likelihood of various outcomes using statistical and mathematical models. It conducts extensive investigations and develops conclusive ideas using numerical data sets.
This is why elite financial institutions and high-net-worth individuals have dominated the quantitative trading industry for a long time. Yet, ordinary investors are now using it more frequently.
Hedge funds and financial organisations use quantitative trading because of their huge transactions, which might involve purchasing and selling thousands of securities and shares. Nonetheless, private investors have been resorting to quantitative trading recently.
Programing languages are used by investors who engage in quantitative trading to harvest historical stock market data from the web. In a procedure known as the beta-testing of quantitative models, the historical data is used as input for mathematical models.
Quantitative trading systems
Any quantitative trading system has four key components:
- The research entails selecting a trading strategy and assessing its compatibility with other trader strategies, which is the first step in the quantitative trading process.
- Strategy back-testing aims to determine whether the strategy chosen in the first step is profitable when applied to historical and out-of-sample data. Positive back-testing outcomes gauge how the strategy will function in real-world situations but does not ensure success.
- The execution system is the process by which a broker executes a list of deals that the strategy generates. Either all or a portion of the execution process may be automated. The primary elements to consider while building an execution system are the interface to the brokerage, decreased transaction costs, and performance divergence between the live system and the back-tested performance.
- Quantitative trading involves several hazards, such as technological risks and brokerage risks.
Pros and cons of quantitative trading
The pros of employing these methods of quantitative trading are:
- This style of trading seeks to determine the likelihood of a successful trade.
- It allows for efficient stock monitoring, analysis, and trading decisions.
- By analysing and making lucrative trading decisions using computer algorithms, quantitative approaches improve efficient trading judgments.
- The emotions of fear and greed are eliminated, and rational decision-making is encouraged rather than relying on hunches or chance.
The following are some of the quantitative trading strategy’s cons:
- Due to the erratic nature of the financial markets, algorithmic models must constantly change.
- Most quantitative models are lucrative only for the specific market type or circumstance to which they are applied. As a result, the experts must update them when market conditions change.
Quantitative trading example
Quantitative trading algorithms can be modified to assess various aspects of a stock depending on the trader’s analysis and preferences. Think about a trader who practises momentum investing. They can decide to create straightforward software that selects the winners when the markets are moving upward.
The software will purchase those equities when the market recovers the next time. This quantitative trading example is quite straightforward. Normally, a complicated mix of stocks intended to maximise profits is chosen using various criteria, including technical analysis, value stocks, and fundamental analysis. An automated trading system is configured with these criteria to profit from changes in the market.
Frequently Asked Questions
Both algorithmic and quantitative trading use computers to automate the trading process. Still, they take quite different approaches regarding the forms of trading instruments they use and how they are used.
In quantitative trading, market patterns are predicted using mathematical and statistical models. In algorithmic trading, deals are automatically entered based on pre-established rules to profit from market swings.
Quantitative traders, or quants for short, find trading opportunities and purchase and sell stocks using mathematical models. They use quantitative and mathematical approaches to assess financial products or markets.
A degree in maths, financial modelling or engineering is generally required by companies hiring quants. They’ll be looking for expertise in automated systems development and data mining. All of these skills and a working knowledge of mathematical ideas like kurtosis, value at risk and conditional probability are necessary if you want to try quant trading.
Price and volume are the two variables that quantitative traders most frequently look at. Yet, a strategy can consider any variable that can be reduced to a numerical value. For instance, some traders might create tools to track investor opinions on social media.
Quant traders may develop and inform their statistical models using several freely accessible databases. Alternative datasets are explored to find trends outside of conventional financial sources like fundamentals.
Quantitative trading entails using trading strategies, referred to as quantitative trading strategies, that are based on quantitative analysis and that find trading opportunities using calculations and data crunching.
Although individual retail traders are starting to use quantitative trading more frequently, hedge funds and financial institutions still employ it quite often.
The benefit of quantitative trading is that it enables the best possible use of the facts at hand and does away with the potential for irrational trading decisions.
Decisions made by traders who employ a quantitative approach are only based on facts and figures. This can reduce the potential for emotional trading decision-making, resulting in more profitable deals.
Related Terms
- Option Adjusted Spread (OAS)
- Beta Risk
- Bear Spread
- Execution Risk
- Exchange-Traded Notes
- Dark Pools
- Firm Order
- Covered Straddle
- Chart Patterns
- Candlestick Chart
- After-Hours Trading
- Speculative Trading
- Average Daily Trading Volume (ADTV)
- Swing trading
- Sector-Specific Basket
- Option Adjusted Spread (OAS)
- Beta Risk
- Bear Spread
- Execution Risk
- Exchange-Traded Notes
- Dark Pools
- Firm Order
- Covered Straddle
- Chart Patterns
- Candlestick Chart
- After-Hours Trading
- Speculative Trading
- Average Daily Trading Volume (ADTV)
- Swing trading
- Sector-Specific Basket
- Regional Basket
- Listing standards
- Proxy voting
- Block Trades
- Undеrmargin
- Buying Powеr
- Whipsaw
- Index CFD
- Initial Margin
- Risk Management
- Slippage
- Take-Profit Order
- Open Position
- Trading Platform
- Debit Balance
- Scalping
- Stop-Loss Order
- Cum dividend
- Board Lot
- Closed Trades
- Resistance level
- CFTC
- Open Contract
- Passive Management
- Spot price
- Trade Execution
- Spot Commodities
- Cash commodity
- Volume of trading
- Open order
- Bid-ask spread
- Economic calendar
- Secondary Market
- Subordinated Debt
- Basket Trade
- Notional Value
- Speculation
- Quiet period
- Purchasing power
- Interest rates
- Plan participant
- Performance appraisal
- Anaume pattern
- Commodities trading
- Interest rate risk
- Equity Trading
- Adverse Excursion
- Booked Orders
- Bracket Order
- Bullion
- Trading Indicators
- Grey market
- Intraday trading
- Futures trading
- Broker
- Head-fake trade
- Demat account
- Price priority
- Day trader
- Threshold securities
- Online trading
- Blockchain
- Insider trading
- Equity Volume
- Downtrend
- Derivatives
Most Popular Terms
Other Terms
- Bond Convexity
- Compound Yield
- Brokerage Account
- Discretionary Accounts
- Industry Groups
- Growth Rate
- Green Bond Principles
- Gamma Scalping
- Funding Ratio
- Free-Float Methodology
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Floating Dividend Rate
- Flight to Quality
- Real Return
- Protective Put
- Perpetual Bond
- Non-Diversifiable Risk
- Merger Arbitrage
- Liability-Driven Investment (LDI)
- Income Bonds
- Guaranteed Investment Contract (GIC)
- Flash Crash
- Equity Carve-Outs
- Cost of Equity
- Cost Basis
- Deferred Annuity
- Cash-on-Cash Return
- Earning Surprise
- Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
- Bubble
- Asset Play
- Accrued Market Discount
- Ladder Strategy
- Junk Status
- Intrinsic Value of Stock
- Interest-Only Bonds (IO)
- Interest Coverage Ratio
- Inflation Hedge
- Industry Groups
- Incremental Yield
- Industrial Bonds
- Income Statement
- Holding Period Return
- Historical Volatility (HV)
- Hedge Effectiveness
- Flat Yield Curve
- Fallen Angel
- Exotic Options
- Event-Driven Strategy
- Eurodollar Bonds
Know More about
Tools/Educational Resources
Markets Offered by POEMS
Read the Latest Market Journal

China Aviation Oil Sees Strong Recovery with Soaring Jet Fuel Volumes and Expanding Margins
Company Overview China Aviation Oil (CAO) operates as a leading jet fuel supplier and trader, serving as a critical link in China's aviation fuel supply chain. The company's business model centres on jet fuel supply and trading activities, with significant exposure to China's aviation recovery through its associate Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Exceptional Financial Performance CAO delivered impressive results in the second half of 2025, with profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) exceeding expectations at 55% and 77% of full-year forecasts respectively. The company demonstrated remarkable operational efficiency as gross profit surged 140% year-on-year to US$42.4 million in 2H25, despite revenue declining 1.3% to US$7.9 billion due to lower oil prices. Strong Volume Growth Drives Recovery The company's operational metrics reflect China's robust aviation recovery. Total supply and trading volumes increased 3.4% year-on-year to 12.15 million metric tonnes in 2H25, whilst jet fuel volumes rose significantly by 15.3% to 8.8 million metric tonnes. This growth was underpinned by China's passenger volume recovery, which increased 5.5% to 770 million passengers, with international route passengers surging 21.6% to 79.7 million. Shanghai Pudong International Airport (SPIA) remained a cornerstone of profitability, contributing US$31.9 million in 2H25 profits—44.6% higher year-on-year and representing 52.6% of total PATMI. Key Positives Driving Performance The margin expansion story reflects two critical factors: enhanced negotiating power from higher jet fuel volumes enabling better spread negotiations and improved fixed cost absorption across a larger supply base. Additionally, potential increases in sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) volumes, which carry margins three to five times higher than conventional jet fuel, contributed to profitability improvements. CAO maintains a fortress balance sheet with US$686.9 million in cash and no debt, providing strategic flexibility for dividend increases and investments. Research Outlook Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY rating with an upgraded target price of S$2.53, previously S$1.50. The research house increased FY26 PATMI forecasts by 32% to account for continued air travel recovery and SPIA's Terminal 3 expansion, which will increase passenger handling capacity by approximately 62.5%. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What drove CAO's strong financial performance in 2H25? A: Jet fuel volumes increased 15.3% year-on-year to 8.8 million metric tonnes, whilst gross profit surged 140% to US$42.4 million due to margin expansion and higher refuelling volumes supported by China's passenger volume recovery. Q: How significant is Shanghai Pudong International Airport to CAO's profitability? A: SPIA contributed US$31.9 million in 2H25 profits, representing 44.6% higher year-on-year growth and accounting for 52.6% of CAO's total PATMI in the period. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation and target price? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY rating with an upgraded target price of S$2.53, increased from the previous S$1.50, representing a 32% increase in FY26 PATMI forecasts. Q: Why did margins expand despite lower oil prices? A: Margin expansion resulted from higher jet fuel volumes enabling better spread negotiation and fixed cost absorption, plus potential increases in sustainable aviation fuel volumes, which carry margins three to five times higher than conventional jet fuel. Q: What is CAO's financial position? A: CAO maintains a strong net cash position of US$686.9 million with no debt, providing flexibility for dividend increases and strategic investments. Cash balance grew US$186.7 million in FY25 due to strong operating cash flows of US$150.5 million. Q: What growth drivers support the upgraded forecasts? A: Growth will arise from higher passenger volumes following SPIA's Terminal 3 expansion, which increases passenger handling capacity by approximately 62.5%, and strategic investments supporting the growing SAF business. Q: How did passenger recovery impact CAO's operations?? A: China's passenger volumes increased 5.5% to 770 million, with international route passengers surging 21.6% to 79.7 million, directly supporting the 15.3% increase in jet fuel volumes. Q: What role does sustainable aviation fuel play in CAO's strategy? A: SAF volumes are expected to grow alongside international travel recovery and carry margins three to five times better than conventional jet fuel, contributing to the company's profitability expansion. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Centurion Corporation Positioned for Fee Income Growth Despite Mixed Results
Company Overview Centurion Corporation Ltd operates purpose-built worker accommodation (PBWA) and purpose-built student accommodation (PBSA) across Singapore, Malaysia, the UK, and Australia. The company has recently spun off its real estate investment trust, CAREIT, positioning itself to benefit from scalable property management fee income. Financial Performance Highlights Centurion delivered mixed results in 2H25, with revenue exceeding expectations at 105% of full-year forecasts, reaching S$155.2 million. This strong revenue performance was primarily driven by the consolidation of the remaining 55% stake in the 6,290-bed Westlite Mandai facility, which represents 17% of Singapore's bed capacity. However, adjusted profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) fell short of expectations at 91% of forecasts, impacted by a 33% year-on-year increase in administrative fees due to higher manpower costs. Key Positive Developments Singapore PBWA operations demonstrated robust growth, with 2H25 revenue increasing 24% year-on-year to S$113 million. Beyond the Westlite Mandai consolidation, positive rental revisions contributed to this growth. The newly operational 1,650-bed Westlite Ubi facility, featuring rental rates estimated to be 5-10% higher than existing properties, further supported Singapore revenue expansion. The company's balance sheet has strengthened significantly following CAREIT's spin-off, generating approximately S$473 million in net proceeds. Net debt decreased 38% year-on-year to S$332 million, whilst the net gearing ratio improved substantially to 27% from 46% in FY24. CAREIT's property management fees present a promising revenue stream, with Centurion recognising S$6.5 million in revenue and S$3.2 million in PATMI during 4Q25, achieving a healthy 49% profit margin. Analysts estimate CAREIT's revenue will grow 25% year-on-year in FY26, potentially generating approximately S$16 million in property management fees for Centurion. Challenges Australia PBSA operations faced headwinds, with revenue declining 7.6% year-on-year to S$9 million. Occupancy rates dropped to 93% from 96% in FY24, primarily due to student arrival delays caused by visa requirement changes. However, the Australian government's decision to raise the student visa cap by 9% to 295,000 in August 2025 suggests potential recovery ahead. Investment Outlook Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with an unchanged target price of S$1.81. The firm expects FY26 consolidated adjusted PATMI to decline approximately 14% year-on-year due to increased profit attributable to minority interests from CAREIT's inclusion. Centurion has proposed a special dividend-in-specie distribution of one CAREIT unit for every ten Centurion shares, estimated to yield shareholders approximately 7%. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What drove Centurion's strong revenue performance in 2H25? A: Revenue exceeded expectations primarily due to the consolidation of the remaining 55% stake in the 6,290-bed Westlite Mandai facility and positive rental revisions across the Singapore PBWA portfolio. Q: Why did adjusted PATMI fall below expectations despite strong revenue? A: Adjusted PATMI was impacted by a 33% year-on-year increase in administrative fees, excluding CAREIT IPO fees, primarily due to higher manpower costs. Q: How significant is the CAREIT property management fee income? A: In 4Q25, Centurion recognised S$6.5 million in revenue and S$3.2 million in PATMI from CAREIT property management fees, with a healthy 49% profit margin. This income stream is estimated to grow 25% year-on-year in FY26. Q: What challenges did the Australia PBSA segment face? A: Australia PBSA revenue declined 7.6% year-on-year due to occupancy dropping to 93% from 96%, caused by delays in student arrivals due to visa requirement changes. Q: How has Centurion's balance sheet improved? A: Following CAREIT's spin-off, net debt decreased 38% year-on-year to S$332 million, and the net gearing ratio improved to 27% from 46% in FY24, benefiting from approximately S$473 million in net proceeds. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with an unchanged target price of S$1.81, before the dividend-in-specie distribution. Q: What special dividend is Centurion proposing? A: Centurion has proposed a special dividend-in-specie distribution of one CAREIT unit for every ten Centurion shares, estimated to yield shareholders approximately 7%. Q: What is the outlook for Australia PBSA operations? A: The Australian government raised the student visa cap by 9% to 295,000 in August 2025, which is expected to improve Australia PBSA occupancy in FY26 through increased international student demand. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

17LIVE Group Limited Maintains BUY Rating Despite Revenue Decline
Company Overview 17LIVE Group Limited operates as a live-streaming platform company, focusing on interactive entertainment services that connect content creators with audiences through real-time streaming technology. The company generates revenue primarily through its live-streaming platform whilst exploring diversification opportunities to strengthen its market position. Financial Performance and Earnings Turnaround 17LIVE demonstrated resilience in its latest results, with 2H25 earnings showing a significant turnaround despite revenue challenges. Revenue declined 13.4% year-on-year to US$77.6 million, primarily attributed to foreign exchange headwinds and flat growth in the broader live-streaming market. However, the company achieved a notable profit improvement, with PATMI turning positive to US$3.7 million from a loss of US$5.2 million in 2H24. For the full financial year, FY25 revenue reached 91% of forecasts, though PATMI missed expectations with a net loss of US$0.9 million compared to the anticipated US$5.48 million profit forecast. Key Positives Driving Recovery The profit improvement reflects 17LIVE's successful cost optimisation initiatives implemented since 2024. These efforts targeted IT infrastructure, marketing expenses, and organisational efficiency, resulting in operating expenses declining by approximately 2.5% year-on-year to US$32.4 million from US$33.2 million. 17LIVE has enhanced shareholder value through its dividend policy, declaring a final dividend of 0.5 Singapore cents per share for 2H25, bringing the total FY2025 dividend to 2.0 Singapore cents per share. This distribution is supported by the company's robust cash position of US$73.4 million. Operating cash flow turned positive in FY25 to US$4.35 million, compared to negative US$16.7 million in FY24. The company continues executing its share buyback programme launched in 2024, with authority to repurchase up to 10% of issued share capital. As of 2H25, 9 million shares worth US$6.8 million have been repurchased, representing approximately 53% of the authorised limit. Strategic Outlook and Research Recommendation 17LIVE plans to monetise existing assets and diversify revenue streams through initiatives including V-Liver IP, sports collaborations, and short-form drama content, expected to gradually drive user engagement and revenue growth. Phillip Securities Research maintains its BUY rating whilst reducing the target price from S$1.45 to S$1.18, reflecting softer growth assumptions for the live-streaming market and slower monetisation trends. At current levels, 17LIVE trades at an FY26e P/E of 33x. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What was 17LIVE's revenue performance in 2H25? A: Revenue declined 13.4% year-on-year to US$77.6 million, mainly due to foreign exchange headwinds and flat growth in the live-streaming market. Q: How did the company's profitability change in 2H25? A: PATMI turned positive to US$3.7 million from a loss of US$5.2 million in 2H24, driven by ongoing cost-optimisation efforts. Q: What dividend is 17LIVE paying for FY2025? A: The company declared a total dividend of 2.0 Singapore cents per share for FY2025, including a final dividend of 0.5 Singapore cents per share for 2H25. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's current recommendation? A: They maintain a BUY rating but reduced the target price from S$1.45 to S$1.18, with 17LIVE trading at an FY26e P/E of 33x. Q: How is 17LIVE planning to diversify its revenue streams? A: The company plans to monetise existing assets through initiatives including V-Liver IP, sports collaborations, and short-form drama content. Q: What is the company's cash position? A: 17LIVE maintains a strong cash position of US$73.4 million, with operating cash flow turning positive to US$4.35 million in FY25. Q: How much has the company spent on share buybacks? A: As of 2H25, 9 million shares worth US$6.8 million have been repurchased, representing approximately 53% of the authorised limit under the current mandate. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Frencken Group Positioned for Semiconductor Recovery
Company Overview Frencken Group Ltd is a Singapore-based precision engineering company that operates across multiple segments including semiconductors, medical devices, industrial automation, and analytical life sciences. The company serves as a key supplier to high-end equipment manufacturers, particularly in the semiconductor industry where it supports advanced lithography machine production. Financial Performance and Outlook Frencken's 2H25 results came in largely within expectations, with revenue and profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) reaching 103% and 99% of full-year forecasts respectively. The company reported stable 2H25 PATMI of S$19.2 million, representing a modest 1% year-on-year increase. This performance was driven by contrasting segment dynamics across the business portfolio. The Positives Industrial automation emerged as a standout performer, with revenue surging 76% year-on-year to S$26.3 million in 2H25. This impressive growth was primarily attributed to capacity ramp from the company's data storage customer. However, following this order ramp in 2025, industrial automation revenue is expected to decline year-on-year in 1H26. The medical segment also contributed positively, with 2H25 revenue increasing 7% year-on-year to S$65.4 million. This growth was driven by higher demand for X-ray and digital pathology equipment from China, demonstrating the company's ability to capitalise on regional healthcare infrastructure investments. Frencken's financial position strengthened considerably, with net cash spiking 92% year-on-year to S$139.6 million. This improvement was driven by higher inventory sell-through, as inventory days decreased to 105 days in FY25 from 116 days in FY24. The company also increased debt repayment by 32% year-on-year to S$62.5 million in 2H25, reducing total debt to S$22.3 million in FY25 from S$86.6 million in FY24. The Negative The semiconductor segment experienced muted growth, with 4Q25 revenue declining 4% year-on-year to S$112 million. This decrease was attributed to an order recalibration from the company's Netherlands customer. Additionally, the analytical life science segment faced headwinds with a 12% year-on-year decline in revenue due to sluggish demand amid lower research funding in the United States. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with an upgraded target price of S$2.50, increased from the previous S$1.87. The research house believes the semiconductor segment will be Frencken's main growth driver in FY26-27, expecting orders to pick up gradually and ramp in 2H26 when key customers ramp production of the most advanced lithography machines. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation and target price for Frencken Group? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with a target price of S$2.50, upgraded from the previous S$1.87. Q: Which segment performed best in 2H25? A: Industrial automation was the standout performer, with revenue surging 76% year-on-year to S$26.3 million, driven by capacity ramp from the company's data storage customer. Q: Why did the semiconductor segment underperform in 4Q25? A: Semiconductor revenue declined 4% year-on-year to S$112 million due to an order recalibration from the company's Netherlands customer, though this is believed to be transitory. Q: How has Frencken's financial position changed? A: The company's financial position strengthened significantly with net cash spiking 92% year-on-year to S$139.6 million, whilst total debt was reduced to S$22.3 million from S$86.6 million in FY24. Q: What factors affected the analytical life science segment? A: The analytical life science segment experienced a 12% year-on-year decline in revenue due to sluggish demand amid lower research funding in the United States. Q: What is driving the medical segment's growth? A: Medical segment revenue increased 7% year-on-year to S$65.4 million, driven by higher demand for X-ray and digital pathology equipment from China. Q: When does Phillip Securities Research expect the semiconductor recovery to begin? A: The research house expects semiconductor orders to pick up gradually and ramp in 2H26, when key customers ramp production of the most advanced lithography machines. Q: How does Frencken's valuation compare to peers? A: Frencken trades at 20x FY26 price-to-earnings ratio, representing an 18% discount to its peers' average of 24x PE. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Ever Glory United Holdings Accelerates Growth Through Strategic Guthrie Acquisition
Company Overview Ever Glory United Holdings Ltd is a prominent mechanical and electrical (M&E) services provider in Singapore. Following its strategic acquisition of Guthrie, the company has positioned itself as one of the largest M&E players in the Singapore market, specialising in complex infrastructure projects including airport facilities, hospitals, and transportation systems. Strong Financial Performance Driven by Strategic Acquisition Ever Glory delivered exceptional results in 2H25, with revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) exceeding expectations at 128% and 122% of forecasts respectively. The company's adjusted PATMI surged 98% year-on-year to S$6.4 million, primarily driven by the consolidation of Guthrie's operations. Additionally, Ever Glory realised a S$5.5 million bargain purchase gain from the Guthrie acquisition, representing the excess of net assets' fair value over the acquisition amount. Record Order Book and Growth Prospects The company's order book experienced remarkable growth, surging 135% year-on-year to S$733 million in 2H25. This substantial increase was fuelled by S$508 million in new contracts secured during 2025, including a significant approximately S$200 million electrical contract for the Alexandra Integrated Hospital redevelopment, alongside maintenance contracts for street lighting and bus depot facility upgrades. Key Strengths and Market Position Guthrie brings considerable expertise and a proven track record to Ever Glory's operations. At the time of acquisition, Guthrie contributed an order book worth S$312 million, representing approximately 43% of Ever Glory's current total order book. The acquired company has successfully completed major M&E projects, including air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation works for prestigious developments such as Jewel Changi Airport and Funan CapitaLand, as well as lighting services for Changi Airport Runway 3. The enhanced capabilities position Ever Glory to compete for high-value future contracts, including potential projects such as Changi Airport Terminal 5 building and airfield electrical works, LTA MRT tunnel lighting systems, and additional hospital infrastructure contracts. Research Recommendation and Outlook Phillip Securities Research has upgraded Ever Glory to BUY from ACCUMULATE, raising the target price to S$1.05 from S$0.81. The revised valuation is based on 18x FY27e price-to-earnings ratio, representing a 10% discount to its peers' two-year forward PE of 20x. The research fim forecasts revenue and adjusted PATMI to grow at compound annual growth rates of 25% and 36% respectively over the next two years, supported by the record S$733 million order book, which is estimated to provide work for 4-5 years with significant revenue recognition expected towards the latter part of this period. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What was the key driver behind Ever Glory's strong 2H25 performance? A: The primary driver was the consolidation of Guthrie's results following the acquisition. Adjusted PATMI spiked 98% year-on-year to S$6.4 million, excluding the S$5.5 million bargain purchase gain. Q: How significant was the growth in Ever Glory's order book? A: The order book surged 135% year-on-year to S$733 million in 2H25, driven by S$508 million in new contracts secured during 2025, including a major electrical contract worth approximately S$200 million for Alexandra Integrated Hospital redevelopment. Q: What is Guthrie's contribution to Ever Glory's business? A: Guthrie brought an order book of S$312 million at acquisition (43% of Ever Glory's current total) and has a strong track record of completing major M&E projects, including work at Jewel Changi Airport, Funan CapitaLand, and Changi Airport Runway 3 lighting services. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's current recommendation and target price? A: The research house upgraded Ever Glory to BUY from ACCUMULATE with a higher target price of S$1.05, up from the previous S$0.81. Q: What growth prospects does the research identify for Ever Glory? A: The research forecasts revenue and adjusted PATMI to grow at CAGRs of 25% and 36% respectively over the next two years, with potential to secure high-value contracts such as Changi Airport T5 projects, LTA MRT tunnel lighting, and hospital contracts. Q: How long is the current order book expected to last? A: The S$733 million order book is estimated to provide work for 4-5 years, with significant revenue recognition expected towards the back end of this period. Q: Were there any negative factors identified in the research? A: No significant concerns were identified in the research firm’s analysis. This article has been auto-generated using AI tools. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned.

Sea Ltd. Maintains Strong Growth Momentum Across All Segments
Company Overview Sea Ltd. is a leading Southeast Asian technology conglomerate operating three core businesses: Shopee (e-commerce), Monee (digital financial services), and Garena (digital entertainment). The company has established itself as a dominant player in the region's digital economy, leveraging synergies across its platforms to drive user engagement and monetisation. Financial Performance and Outlook Sea Ltd. delivered solid fourth-quarter 2025 results with revenue meeting expectations, though profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) underperformed due to strategic investments in Shopee's logistics, fulfilment, and user-engagement capabilities. For the full year 2025, revenue and PATMI reached 103% and 89% of estimates respectively. The company demonstrated robust growth with revenue increasing 38% year-on-year whilst PATMI surged 73% year-on-year. Phillip Securities Research maintains its BUY recommendation with an unchanged target price of US$170, derived from a discounted cash flow model using a terminal growth rate of 4.0% and weighted average cost of capital of 7.6%. The firm has rolled forward valuations to FY26e and reduced FY26e PATMI estimates by 1% to account for increased e-commerce investments. Strong Performance Across All Business Segments Shopee continued its impressive growth trajectory with gross merchandise value (GMV) rising 29% year-on-year and gross orders increasing 30% year-on-year. The platform achieved stronger monetisation through advertising, with ad revenue jumping 70% year-on-year driven by a 20% increase in ad-paying sellers and 45% growth in average ad spend per seller. Monthly active buyers grew 15% year-on-year, whilst innovative initiatives like Shopee VIP membership saw subscribers double in just one quarter. Management expects this momentum to persist, guiding for 25% GMV growth in FY26e. Monee demonstrated exceptional expansion with loan principal surging 80% year-on-year to US$9.2 billion. Active credit users increased 40% year-on-year following the transition from a whitelist model to an "all-can-apply" approach. The 90-day non-performing loan ratio remained stable at 1.1%, supported by enhanced underwriting models utilising ecosystem data and artificial intelligence. Monee's adjusted EBITDA exceeded US$1 billion in FY25, now surpassing Shopee as a profit contributor. Garena maintained its position as a durable revenue generator with bookings growing 37% year-on-year to US$2.9 billion. Free Fire achieved two consecutive years of over 30% year-on-year bookings growth, supported by major intellectual property collaborations and newer titles such as EA SPORTS FC Mobile. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation and target price for Sea Ltd.? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with a target price of US$170, unchanged from previous estimates. Q: How did Sea Ltd.'s financial performance compare to expectations in 4Q25? A: Revenue was in line with expectations, whilst PATMI underperformed due to elevated investments in Shopee's logistics, fulfilment, and user engagement. Full-year revenue and PATMI reached 103% and 89% of estimates respectively. Q: What drove Shopee's strong performance in the quarter? A: Shopee's growth was driven by GMV increasing 29% year-on-year, gross orders rising 30% year-on-year, and stronger monetisation through advertising revenue growth of 70% year-on-year. Q: How is Monee's loan portfolio performing in terms of quality? A: The 90-day non-performing loan ratio remains stable at 1.1%, supported by improved underwriting models that leverage ecosystem data and AI technology. Q: What are management's expectations for Shopee's growth in FY26e? A: Management expects momentum to continue and has guided for 25% GMV growth in FY26e, supported by further investments in fulfilment, logistics, and user engagement. Q: Which business segment is the largest profit contributor for Sea Ltd.? A: Monee has become a key profit driver with FY25 adjusted EBITDA exceeding US$1 billion, now surpassing Shopee and ranking second to Garena in terms of profit contribution. Q: How has Garena performed over the past two years? A: Garena has demonstrated durability with Free Fire achieving two consecutive years of over 30% year-on-year bookings growth, whilst FY25 bookings increased 37% year-on-year to US$2.9 billion. This article has been auto-generated using AI tools. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned.

SATS Upgraded to Buy on Strong Cargo Performance
Company Overview SATS Ltd is a leading aviation services company that provides ground handling and cargo services across multiple regions, including Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Americas. The company operates cargo facilities and ground handling services for airlines globally, with a significant presence in key aviation hubs. Strong Third Quarter Performance SATS delivered impressive third-quarter results that exceeded analyst expectations, with PATMI reaching 34% of the full-year forecast for the quarter alone. The company's cargo volumes demonstrated robust growth of 7.3% year-on-year to 2.6 million tonnes, driven primarily by strong performance in European and Asia-Pacific markets. Revenue climbed 8% year-on-year to S$1.6 billion in the third quarter, whilst PATMI surged 20.4% to S$84.7 million. This growth was underpinned by the substantial cargo volume increase, with Europe and APAC routes successfully offsetting a 7% decline in the Americas region. Contract Wins Drive Future Growth The company has secured several significant new contracts that are expected to reinforce its cargo strength going forward. These include cargo contracts with China cargo-based operations, Saudia cargo, Azul, and Allegiant Air. The commencement of these new contract wins, combined with additional leasing and capital expenditure initiatives, provides a solid foundation for continued growth. Regional Challenges and Operational Adjustments Despite the overall positive performance, SATS faces some regional challenges, particularly in its US ground handling operations. Lower cargo volumes in this segment have rendered certain stations economically unviable, prompting the company to undertake renegotiations of pricing structures and establish volume thresholds to improve operational efficiency. Upgraded Rating and Target Price Phillip Securities Research has upgraded SATS to a BUY rating with a significantly higher DCF target price of S$4.44, representing an increase from the previous target of S$3.84. This upgrade reflects raised FY26 and FY27 earnings expectations following a 13% increase in FY26 PATMI forecasts. The revision incorporates incremental cargo rate increases amid tightening cargo capacity in the Middle East region and higher projected cargo volumes. New facilities, including the expanded Pathum Thani kitchen and Noida airport cargo facility, are expected to ramp up operations and achieve profitability in the coming quarters. SATS currently trades at 19.5x FY26 price-to-earnings ratio. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What was SATS' cargo volume growth in the third quarter? A: SATS achieved cargo volume growth of 7.3% year-on-year in the third quarter, reaching 2.6 million tonnes. Q: Which regions drove the strong cargo performance? A: Europe and Asia-Pacific routes were the primary drivers of growth, successfully offsetting a 7% decline in the Americas region. Q: What new contracts has SATS secured? A: SATS has won new contracts including China cargo operations, Saudia cargo, Azul, and Allegiant Air services. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's new recommendation and target price? A: Phillip Securities Research upgraded SATS to a BUY rating with a DCF target price of S$4.44, increased from the previous target of S$3.84. Q: What challenges is SATS facing in its operations? A: The company is experiencing lower cargo volumes in its US ground handling business, making some stations economically unviable and requiring pricing renegotiations and volume threshold establishment. Q: How much did SATS raise its FY26 PATMI forecast? A: SATS raised its FY26 PATMI forecast by 13% due to incremental cargo rate increases and higher projected cargo volumes. Q: What new facilities are expected to contribute to future profitability? A: The expanded Pathum Thani kitchen and Noida airport cargo facility is expected to ramp up operations and become profitable in the coming quarters. Q: At what valuation multiple does SATS currently trade? A: SATS currently trades at 19.5x FY26 price-to-earnings ratio. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned.

Hyphens Pharma International: Navigating Challenges with Strategic Focus
Company Overview Hyphens Pharma International is a pharmaceutical company operating across ASEAN markets with a diversified portfolio spanning specialty pharmaceuticals, proprietary brands, and medical hypermart operations. The company has been expanding its reach across Southeast Asia whilst making strategic inroads into European markets. Financial Performance and Strategic Refresh Hyphens Pharma delivered FY25 results broadly in line with expectations, with revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interests achieving 99% and 97% of forecasts respectively. The second half of FY25 demonstrated resilience, with adjusted PATMI rebounding 27% year-on-year to S$5.94 million, driven by the discontinuation of low-margin products and enhanced cost controls. However, the overall financial picture was mixed. Revenue declined 8% year-on-year to S$97.8 million in 2H25, primarily due to a 23% drop in Vietnamese operations. The company faced multiple headwinds in Vietnam, including elevated Sterimar, a natural, drug-free seawater nasal spray, inventory levels, deprioritisation of contrast media products, currency weakness, and strategic product discontinuations. Operational Challenges and Strategic Positives The company encountered significant operational hurdles, particularly in Vietnam, which necessitated a strategic refresh. We believe the company faced challenges in passing through higher-priced Euro specialty products to customers, prompting a realignment towards better-margin products. It allowed gross profit margins to improve substantially, jumping 5.7 percentage points year-on-year to 41.9% in 2H25, demonstrating the effectiveness of the margin enhancement strategy. The positive momentum was partially offset by increased provisions totalling several million dollars, including inventory write-offs of S$1 million, impairment of receivables worth S$0.6 million, and foreign exchange translation losses of S$0.8 million, all largely related to Vietnamese operations. Growth Prospects and Valuation Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with a target price of S$0.40, raising FY26 PATMI estimates by 10% to S$12.2 million based on improved gross margin projections. The company achieved a significant milestone in January with an out-licensing agreement for Cerapro MED, an atopic dermatitis treatment, across six European countries. Additionally, Winlevi anti-acne products are gaining traction in Singapore and Malaysia. Trading at an attractive 8x price-to-earnings ratio with net cash of S$26.8 million representing 27% of market capitalisation, the company appears well-positioned for recovery as Vietnamese operations stabilises and growth drivers including medical aesthetics and e-pharmacy initiatives gain momentum. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What was Hyphens Pharma's financial performance in FY25? A: FY25 revenue and adjusted PATMI were within expectations at 99% and 97% of forecasts respectively. 2H25 adjusted PATMI rebounded 27% year-on-year to S$5.94 million, though headline earnings declined due to FX translation losses and extraordinary provisions. Q: Why did revenue decline in 2H25? A: Revenue declined 8% year-on-year to S$97.8 million in 2H25, primarily driven by a 23% drop in Vietnamese operations due to elevated inventory, currency weakness, and strategic product discontinuations. Q: What challenges did the company face in Vietnam? A: Vietnam operations encountered elevated Sterimar inventory, deprioritisation of contrast media, weak currency conditions, discontinuation of several products, and difficulties in passing through higher-priced Euro specialty products to customers. Q: How did gross margins perform? A: Gross profit margins improved significantly, jumping 5.7 percentage points year-on-year to 41.9% in 2H25, helping gross profit grow despite declining revenue through discontinuation of low-margin products like Physiolac infant formula. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with a target price of S$0.40, raising FY26 PATMI estimates by 10% to S$12.2 million based on higher gross margin estimates. Q: What are the key growth drivers for 2026? A: Expected growth drivers for 2026 include Winlevi anti-acne products, medical aesthetics, and Wellaway e-pharmacy operations, alongside the strategic refresh of Vietnam's product portfolio. Q: What significant milestone did the company achieve? A: In January, Hyphens reached a milestone with an out-licensing agreement for Cerapro MED, an atopic dermatitis treatment, into six European countries, marking successful expansion into European markets. Q: What is the company's current valuation and financial position? A: Hyphens trades at an attractive 8x price-to-earnings ratio with net cash of S$26.8 million, representing 27% of its market capitalisation, providing a strong financial foundation for future growth.









