Cumulative total return

Table of Contents

Cumulative total return
What is cumulative total return?
Understanding cumulative total return
The formula for cumulative total return
How do you calculate cumulative total return?
Example of cumulative total return
Frequently Asked Questions

Cumulative total return

If investments didn’t yield returns, why would anyone take the chance? Returns can be examined in a variety of ways.

Comparing the investment’s final value to its initial primary value, cumulative returns examine its return over a longer time frame. It serves largely as a method of analyzing an investment’s overall performance over time.

Cumulative total return

What is cumulative total return?

The total return produced by an investment over a predetermined period is known as the cumulative return. It is the total gain or loss on investment throughout time, regardless of the time involved.

The overall change in the investment’s price over a predetermined period is the cumulative return; this is a total return, not an annualized return. Reinvested dividends or capital gains impact an investment’s cumulative return.

This kind of return takes profits and losses from the period into account and bases the final total on the change in value from the start to the end of the same period. A cumulative return is typically shown as a percentage rather than a monetary value.

Understanding cumulative total return

Calculating the profit or loss over the purchase price makes it simple to determine the cumulative return of an asset that does not pay interest or dividends. That can be effective with assets like growth stocks and precious metals that don’t pay dividends. The cumulative return can be computed using the raw closing price.

The cumulative return of all assets can be easily calculated using the adjusted closing price. This covers investments like dividend-paying equities and bonds that pay interest. The adjusted closing price considers the impact of interest, dividends, stock splits, and other price changes on the asset. Therefore, it is possible to calculate the cumulative return by utilizing the security’s first adjusted closing price as the purchase price.

The formula for cumulative total return

The cumulative return over both periods is R c if the standard return over one period is R1 and R2 if the standard return over a second period,

Rc is equal to (1 + R1)(1 + R2) – 1

The total return is another name for the cumulative return.

Although there are ways to calculate additive cumulative returns, the cumulative return, as described here, is not additive across sub-portfolios.

How do you calculate cumulative total return?

When the cumulative rate of return is added to this equation, it becomes: (1 + RA) n = 1 + RC. Where n is the number of years taken into account in the computation of RC, RC is the cumulative rate of return, and RA is the annualized rate of return.

Using the above example, we can deduce that n = 5 and RC = 0.4. The result of fiddling with the equation is RA = [(1 + RC) (1/n)]. -1. Calculators for these mathematical issues can be found online; in this example, the yearly rate of return is 0.6961, or 6.96 percent. This is less than the inaccurate 8 percent that you would have estimated using basic math.

Using the annual compounded return as a starting point, you can compare the cumulative return with other potential investments. This can aid in your decision-making over whether to keep your money where it is currently invested or move it to a location with higher returns.

Example of cumulative total return

To better understand cumulative total return, let’s look at the following example:

Suppose you paid $10,000 for 100 shares of stock A five years ago. Your shares of stock are now worth $14,000, giving you a $4,000 increase over five years. Cumulative return is calculated as ($4,000 gain) / ($10,000 original investment) = 0.4 or 40%.

Your investment has generated a total return of 40% over the past five years. To determine which assets outperformed the others, you may compare this figure to the cumulative returns on other investments over five years. However, unless you have a straightforward loan that doesn’t compound interest, you can’t divide this number by five to achieve an annual compound return of (0.4 / 5) = 0.08, or 8 percent.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do you calculate cumulative return from annual return?

The investor will use the following calculation to determine the total return rate (which is required to get the annualized return): Starting value = (ending value – beginning value)

What is a good cumulative rate of return?

Most investors consider an average annual return of 10% or above to be a decent ROI for long-term stock market investments.

What is the difference between annualized and cumulative returns?

There are a few key differences between annualized returns and cumulative returns.

Annualized return is calculated by taking the average return over a specified period, typically one year. On the other hand, cumulative return sums up the total return over a specified period.
Additionally, an annualized return takes into account the time value of money, meaning that it accounts for the fact that money today is worth more than money in the future. Cumulative return does not take this into account.
Finally, the annualized return is a more accurate measure of investment performance than cumulative return since it accounts for the effects of compounding. Cumulative return does not account for compounding and can be misleading.

How to calculate cumulative return from daily return?

The simple cumulative daily return is determined by multiplying the daily percentage change by the cumulative factor.

What is the significance of cumulative total return?

The cumulative total return is an investment’s total return over time. This includes both the initial investment and any subsequent reinvestments. It is a measure of the overall performance of an investment.

The cumulative total return is significant because it provides a more accurate picture of an investment’s true return. It takes into account not only the initial investment but also any reinvestments that have been made. This makes it a more accurate measure of the investment’s overall performance.

The cumulative total return is a useful tool for investors because it allows them to compare the performance of different investments. It is also helpful in determining an investment portfolio’s overall risk and return.

Related Terms

Other Terms

Know More about

Margin Trading

Bond Trading

Securities Lending

Supplementary Retirement Scheme

Money Market Funds

REITs ETF

Singapore Stocks

Opening Investment Account

Tools/Educational Resources

Markets Offered by POEMS

Read the Latest Market Journal

Meta Platforms Inc. Upgraded to BUY Despite Higher CAPEX Concerns, US$795 Target Price

Published on May 13, 2026 111

Strong Q1 Performance Drives Rating Upgrade Meta Platforms Inc. has been upgraded to a BUY rating by Phillip Securities Research, despite concerns over increased capital expenditure guidance. The social media giant delivered robust first-quarter results with revenue climbing 33% year-on-year to US$56.3 billion, whilst adjusted profit after tax and minority interests rose 13% to US$18.7 billion. However, the target price has been reduced to US$795 from the previous US$825 due to higher expenses and margin compression expectations. Meta operates as a leading social media and technology company, connecting billions of users globally through its Family of Apps ecosystem including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Messenger. The company also invests heavily in virtual and augmented reality through its Reality Labs division. The Positives: Resilient Advertising Performance Meta demonstrated exceptional advertising strength in the first quarter, with ad revenue reaching US$55 billion, representing a 33% year-on-year increase compared to 16% growth in the previous corresponding quarter. This robust performance was underpinned by higher engagement and improved monetisation across the company's platforms. The standout driver was the integration of Muse Spark, Meta's newly launched natively multimodal reasoning model developed by Meta Superintelligent Lab. This AI enhancement significantly improved content personalisation and recommendation capabilities across all platforms. Following deployment, Instagram Reels time spent increased 10% year-on-year, whilst Facebook video time spent rose over 8%, marking the strongest quarter-on-quarter engagement improvement in four years. The monetisation metrics were equally impressive, with ad impressions increasing 19% year-on-year compared to 5% previously, and average price per ad rising 12% year-on-year. Given Muse Spark's strong early traction and scalability potential across WhatsApp, Instagram, and Messenger, analysts maintain their advertising forecasts and expect 30% year-on-year revenue growth for the full year. The Negatives: Reality Labs Losses Continue Meta's Reality Labs segment remains a significant drag on profitability, continuing to generate substantial losses despite some improvement. Operating losses narrowed approximately 4% year-on-year to US$4.2 billion, compared to 9.5% growth in losses previously. Segment revenue declined 2% year-on-year to US$885 million, primarily attributed to lower Quest headset sales. However, AI glasses showed promising growth with daily users expanding threefold year-on-year. The company also revised its capital expenditure guidance upward by approximately 8%, establishing a new range of US$125-145 billion compared to the previous US$115-135 billion. Management attributed this increase to robust compute demand for scaling AI infrastructure, despite aggressive capacity ramping efforts. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Singapore Construction Sector Poised for Growth Despite Margin Pressures, Government Support Offsets Cost Headwinds

Published on May 13, 2026 47

Strong Government Pipeline Drives Sector Optimism Singapore's construction sector presents a compelling investment opportunity despite recent margin pressures from Middle East conflict-related cost inflation. Construction-related companies have delivered solid returns, rising an average of 7% over the three months to May 2026, though moderating from the previous quarter's 26% gain. Phillip Securities Research maintains an OVERWEIGHT rating on construction-related companies, citing strong government project visibility and sector resilience. Infrastructure Challenges Mitigated by Government Intervention The sector faces headwinds from the Iran war's impact on fuel costs, with diesel prices surging 104% year-on-year to a record S$4.6 per litre in April 2026 following the closure of the Straits of Hormuz. Infrastructure companies bore the brunt of these pressures, declining 3% over the quarter as investors worried about margin compression from elevated diesel and bitumen prices. However, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) announced crucial support measures in April 2026, committing to cover 50% of direct additional costs from diesel and bitumen usage between March and May 2026. This intervention particularly benefits contractors involved in earthworks, foundation and piling works, and roadworks—segments most exposed to diesel-powered equipment costs. Robust Project Pipeline Supports Medium-Term Growth The sector's medium-term outlook remains strong, underpinned by substantial government project commitments. The BCA has guided S$50bn in contract awards for 2026, representing a 61% premium to the historical 20-year average. Major project tenders for the remainder of 2026 include the Changi Airport Terminal 5 development, Tuas Port Phase 3 expansion, and the new Tengah General and Community Hospital, each valued at over S$2bn. Looking ahead, construction demand is projected at S$39-46bn annually from 2027-2030, maintaining a 37% premium to the historical average of S$31bn yearly. Key upcoming projects include the Cross Island MRT Line Phase 3 expansion, Integrated Waste Management Facility Phase 2, Greater Sentosa Master Plan infrastructure works, and Woodlands Checkpoint redevelopment Phase 3. The sector benefits from Singapore's relative insulation from Middle East conflicts, with labour and raw material supplies remaining available. Companies with higher exposure to public sector contracts are particularly well-positioned to capitalise on the government's substantial infrastructure investment programme. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Sheng Siong Group Delivers Strong Growth with Market Share Gains, Target Price Raised to S$3.16

Published on May 13, 2026 36

Company Overview Sheng Siong Group Ltd operates as one of Singapore's leading supermarket chains, focusing on providing affordable groceries and household essentials to local consumers. The company has built its market position through strategic store expansion and competitive pricing strategies across the island nation. Strong Quarter Performance Sheng Siong delivered robust first quarter FY26 results, with revenue and profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) reaching 26% and 25% respectively of full-year forecasts. PATMI grew 12% year-on-year to S$43 million, driven by margin expansion of 0.7 percentage points and revenue growth of 12.4% to S$452.8 million. This marked the third consecutive quarter of low teens revenue growth, representing the fastest pace in almost five years since the pandemic period. Expansion Strategy and Market Share Capture The company's growth momentum stems from both new store additions and improved same-store sales performance. Revenue growth of 12.4% was supported by new stores contributing 9.3% and same-store sales adding 3.5%. The significant improvement in same-store sales from just 0.4% in 1Q25 was attributed to six stores opened in FY24 migrating to the same-store category, along with an extended promotional period between Christmas and Lunar New Year. Sheng Siong's store footprint expanded 13% year-on-year to 760,000 square feet, though remained unchanged quarter-on-quarter. The company has secured four new HDB stores totalling 39,000 square feet for FY26, with another 25,000 square feet pending approval, excluding potential private real estate transactions. Key Challenges and Outlook Despite the positive momentum, employee costs continue to limit operating leverage. The competitive labour environment and progressive wage model in Singapore's retail sector maintain upward pressure on staff costs, constraining margin expansion opportunities. Additionally, rising fuel and other costs due to Middle East conflicts are expected to dampen margins in the second half of FY26. Research Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains its ACCUMULATE recommendation whilst raising the target price to S$3.16 from S$2.82, representing 28x PE FY26 - levels last seen during the pandemic. The firm believes Sheng Siong continues capturing market share by taking over competitor stores, though expansion benefits will be partially offset by an estimated two store closures impacting revenue by 3%. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Microsoft Corp Downgraded to ACCUMULATE as CAPEX Surge Weighs on Valuation Despite Strong AI Growth

Published on May 13, 2026 14

Company Overview Microsoft Corporation is a leading technology company operating through three primary segments: Productivity and Business Processes, Intelligent Cloud, and More Personal Computing. The company provides cloud computing services through Azure, productivity software via Microsoft 365, and various consumer and enterprise technology solutions. Financial Performance and Outlook Microsoft delivered solid third-quarter results with revenue meeting expectations whilst profit after tax and minority interests exceeded forecasts. The company achieved 18% year-on-year revenue growth, primarily driven by Azure cloud revenue expansion of 40%. For the nine-month period, revenue and PATMI reached 76% and 81% of full-year forecasts respectively. The company expects FY26 group revenue to grow 16.7%, with Azure anticipated to expand 29% supported by accelerated data centre capacity deployment. The AI business has demonstrated remarkable momentum, with AI tools exceeding a US$37 billion annual run-rate, representing 123% year-on-year growth. Key Growth Drivers Productivity Segment Strength The Productivity and Business Processes segment demonstrated robust performance, climbing 17% to US$35 billion. This growth was underpinned by 19% year-on-year expansion in Microsoft 365 Commercial Cloud revenue, with average revenue per user increasing through uptake of premium offerings including Microsoft 365 Copilot and E5 enterprise subscriptions. Paid Copilot seats surpassed 20 million, representing 5% of total paid M365 commercial seats that grew 6% year-on-year. Azure Cloud Acceleration Intelligent Cloud revenue surged 30% year-on-year to US$34.6 billion, with Azure's 40% growth benefiting from the early deployment of Fairwater data centre capacity in Wisconsin. Microsoft cloud revenue across all cloud-delivered services rose 29% to US$54.5 billion, driven by strong demand for Azure and first-party AI services. Revised Investment Stance Phillip Securities Research has downgraded Microsoft from BUY to ACCUMULATE, lowering the target price to US$485 from US$540. This revision reflects increased capital expenditure requirements of US$40 billion, bringing total CAPEX to US$190 billion due to higher component costs, AI infrastructure investments, and growing AI product usage. Despite this, revenue forecasts have been raised by 3% and 5% for FY26 and FY27 respectively, with PATMI projections increased by 9% and 17%. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

DBS Group Holdings Delivers Strong Q1 Performance with Record Wealth Management Fees, ACCUMULATE Rating and S$61 Target Price

Published on May 13, 2026 12

Company Overview DBS Group Holdings Ltd is Singapore's leading banking institution, operating across multiple business segments including wealth management, treasury services, and commercial banking. The bank has established itself as a prominent player in the Asian financial services sector with a strong focus on wealth management and diversified fee income streams. Strong Q1 Results Drive Upgraded Guidance DBS reported first quarter earnings of S$2.9 billion, which aligned with analyst estimates and represented 26% of the full-year forecast. The bank increased its quarterly dividend per share by 8% year-on-year to 81 cents, comprising 66 cents ordinary dividend and 15 cents capital return dividend. Management has subtly upgraded its full-year guidance, with total income now expected around 2025 levels despite assuming no further US rate cuts and a lower SORA assumption of 1%. Record Non-Interest Income Performance The standout performance came from the bank's fee income, which surged 16% year-on-year driven by record wealth management fees of S$907 million, marking a 25% year-on-year increase. This growth was supported by higher investment product sales and bancassurance activities. The wealth segment's assets under management reached a record S$492 billion, growing 17% year-on-year with net new money inflows of S$10 billion. Importantly, bancassurance represents approximately 20% of wealth fees and provides counter-cyclical diversification to investment-linked fees, offering structural stability. Transaction services fees of S$257 million and treasury customer sales of S$592 million also achieved record highs. Cash equities scaled significantly with 77% year-on-year growth, whilst institutional equities expanded 36% year-on-year. Asset Quality Improvements Asset quality showed meaningful improvement with total allowances falling 42% year-on-year to S$190 million. General provision charges declined 84% year-on-year to S$33 million as macro-overlay requirements moderated. The NPL ratio improved to 1.0% from 1.1% in the previous year, supported by low new non-performing asset formation and offset by repayments and write-offs. Allowance coverage remained robust at 131%, or 200% with collateral. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains an ACCUMULATE rating with a raised target price of S$61.00, up from the previous S$60.00. The upgrade reflects a 1% increase in earnings estimates driven by higher wealth management projections, with analysts expecting non-interest income to remain the primary growth driver going forward. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Apple Inc. Delivers Strong Q2 Results Despite Memory Cost Headwinds, Maintains NEUTRAL Rating with $280 Target

Published on May 13, 2026 8

Company Overview Apple Inc. is a leading technology company renowned for its consumer electronics, software, and digital services ecosystem. The company's primary revenue drivers include the iPhone, Mac computers, and its growing Services segment, with operations spanning global markets including the Americas and China. Exceptional Q2 Performance Exceeds Expectations Apple delivered outstanding second quarter results that significantly surpassed analyst forecasts. Revenue surged 16.6% year-on-year, marking the company's fastest growth rate in four years. This robust performance was primarily fuelled by exceptional iPhone sales, which jumped 22% year-on-year, alongside remarkable strength in the China market where revenue expanded 28% year-on-year. The quarterly results represented 55% of full-year revenue forecasts and 56% of projected profit after tax and minority interests. Strong Product Momentum Continues The company is experiencing robust demand for its flagship products, with both iPhone 17 and MacBook sales demonstrating exceptional momentum. Current demand is outstripping supply capabilities, creating supply constraints across key product lines. The iPhone faces limitations due to tight advanced-node 3nm-class system-on-chip capacity, though these constraints are expected to ease in the third quarter. MacBook constraints, driven by the attractive pricing of the MacBook Neo and its success in attracting new users, are anticipated to persist for several months. Revenue Growth Guidance Remains Optimistic Management has provided encouraging guidance for the third quarter, projecting revenue growth of 14-17% year-on-year. This outlook is supported by continued strength in iPhone and MacBook sales, underpinned by a robust iPhone 17 upgrade cycle featuring high customer satisfaction, innovative features, and Apple Intelligence integration. Rising Memory Costs Present Challenges Despite the strong performance, Apple faces headwinds from escalating memory costs, which are expected to intensify in coming quarters. This presents a longer-term margin pressure that could impact profitability going forward. Shareholder Returns Reinforce Capital Discipline Apple announced significant shareholder returns, including an additional $100 billion share repurchase authorisation and a 4% dividend increase. These measures demonstrate management's confidence in cash flow durability whilst maintaining disciplined capital allocation between AI investments and consistent shareholder returns. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains a NEUTRAL recommendation on Apple, raising the DCF target price to $280 from the previous $260. The firm increased revenue and profit forecasts by 2% and 1% respectively to reflect stronger iPhone 17 performance, whilst maintaining WACC at 6.5% and terminal growth at 3.5%. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Amazon.com Inc. Maintains Growth Momentum with Custom Silicon Advantage, Target Price US$280

Published on May 13, 2026 7

Amazon.com Inc. continues to demonstrate strong operational performance, driven primarily by accelerating growth in its cloud computing division and emerging advantages in custom silicon technology. The company operates as a diversified technology conglomerate, with core businesses spanning cloud services through Amazon Web Services (AWS), e-commerce retail operations, and digital advertising platforms. Strong AWS Performance Drives Revenue Growth Amazon's first quarter 2026 results showed revenue performance in line with expectations, representing 23% of full-year forecasts. The standout performer was AWS, which delivered exceptional growth of 28% year-over-year, marking the fastest expansion in 15 quarters. This acceleration reflects robust demand for both traditional cloud migration services and expanding artificial intelligence workloads, including model training, inference, and agentic applications. The company's Bedrock platform has gained significant traction, with customer spend growing 170% quarter-over-quarter, demonstrating strong market adoption. AWS maintains substantial demand visibility with a backlog of US$364 billion, representing 93% year-over-year growth excluding the Anthropic deal. Management has reaffirmed its commitment to continued heavy capital expenditure investment, expressing high confidence in monetisation given that substantial capacity is already secured by customer commitments. Custom Silicon Emerges as Competitive Differentiator Amazon's in-house chip business has become a significant structural advantage, with growth of 40% quarter-over-quarter positioning it among the top three data centre chip businesses globally. The company's Trainium chips deliver 30-40% superior price performance compared to alternatives and are already largely sold out across current and next-generation capacity, with strong multi-year commitments from major AI laboratories. Management highlighted that custom silicon could generate tens of billions in annual capital expenditure savings whilst providing several hundred basis points of margin advantage. This vertical integration strengthens AWS's cost structure and pricing power, particularly as AI workloads continue scaling. Retail Operations Show Improved Efficiency The retail division continues demonstrating operational leverage, with unit growth of 15% year-over-year outpacing cost increases in outbound shipping (12% growth) and fulfilment expenses (9% growth). Perishable sales have scaled dramatically, growing over 40 times year-over-year, establishing Amazon as the second-largest grocer in the United States. Customers order nearly three times more items and spend over 80% more, reinforcing larger basket sizes and supporting both customer experience and operating leverage. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research has downgraded its recommendation from BUY to ACCUMULATE due to recent stock price movements, whilst maintaining an unchanged target price of US$280. The firm believes Amazon is well-positioned in artificial intelligence, leveraging full-stack capabilities including custom chips, strategic partnerships with OpenAI and Anthropic, and unique datasets to drive ecosystem stickiness and capture long-term growth opportunities. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Alphabet Inc. Delivers Strong Q1 Performance on AI Integration, Upgraded to US$450 Target Price with ACCUMULATE Rating

Published on May 13, 2026 12

Company Overview Alphabet Inc., the parent company of Google, operates as a leading technology conglomerate with core businesses spanning search advertising, cloud computing, and digital services. The company's integrated AI ecosystem includes custom silicon, optimised data centres, and advanced Gemini models, positioning it as a dominant player in the artificial intelligence revolution. Strong Revenue Growth Despite Earnings Decline Alphabet reported Q1 2026 earnings that fell below expectations, with revenue surging 22% year-on-year to US$109.9 billion, driven by robust advertising and cloud performance. However, adjusted profit after tax and minority interests declined 28% year-on-year to US$24.9 billion due to substantial AI spending investments. The Q1 2026 revenue and PATMI represented 23% and 16% of full-year forecasts respectively. Key Performance Drivers Search and Advertising Excellence Search advertising revenue demonstrated remarkable resilience, growing 19% year-on-year to US$60.4 billion, compared to 10% growth in Q1 2025. This acceleration was led by strong performance in retail and finance verticals. The integration of Gemini 3 models into search infrastructure has significantly enhanced user engagement, with queries reaching all-time highs due to AI Overviews and AI mode experiences. YouTube advertising revenue also increased 11% year-on-year to US$9.9 billion, driven by strong momentum in its “Living Room” experience and YouTube Shorts monetisation. Cloud Segment Momentum Google Cloud delivered exceptional performance, accelerating 63% year-on-year in Q1 2026 to US$20 billion, compared to 28% growth in the previous year. Operating income grew threefold to US$6.6 billion, primarily driven by robust demand for Enterprise AI solutions. The segment benefited from accelerating customer acquisition, with the client base doubling compared to Q1 2025, and strong deal momentum, with US$100 million to US$1 billion deals doubling during the quarter. Operating Efficiency Gains Despite heavy AI investments, Alphabet achieved strong operating leverage with margins increasing 220 basis points to 36.1%. Google Services margin expanded 300 basis points to 45.3%, whilst Cloud margins rose significantly to 32.8% from 17.8% in the previous year. Research Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintained an ACCUMULATE rating and raised the DCF target price to US$450 from US$395, driven by Alphabet's differentiated full-stack AI capabilities and stronger-than-expected momentum from its vertically integrated AI ecosystem. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

INVESTMENT

LEVERAGE

PROTECTION

THEMATIC

OTHER SERVICES

ACCREDITED INVESTOR

EDUCATION

RESEARCH

TOOLS

New to POEMS?

FUNDING

ACCOUNT MECHANICS

SEGMENTS

Account Opening

QUICK GUIDE

Cumulative total return