Interest Coverage Ratio
The Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) is a crucial financial metric used in the stock market and investment industry to assess a company’s ability to meet its interest obligations. It is beneficial for investors, creditors, and analysts to determine a company’s financial stability. This guide explains the concept of ICR, its formula, types, real-world examples, and its significance in economic analysis.
Table of Contents
What is the Interest Coverage Ratio?
The Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) measures how easily a company can cover its interest expenses using earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). It is an essential indicator of a company’s financial health and debt management ability.
- A higher ICR → Indicates strong financial health and a lower risk of default.
- A lower ICR → Suggests possible liquidity issues and financial distress.
Companies with a higher ICR are generally more attractive to investors and lenders because they are less likely to fail to meet their interest obligations.
Understanding Interest Coverage Ratio
The Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) measures a company’s ability to pay interest on its outstanding debt using its operating earnings. It helps determine financial stability by comparing earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) to interest expenses. A higher ratio suggests more vigorous financial health, while a lower ratio indicates potential difficulty in meeting debt obligations.
This ratio benefits investors and lenders by providing insights into a company’s risk level. Industry norms and business models influence acceptable ICR levels, making comparing companies within the same sector essential for accurate analysis.
Formula and Calculation of Interest Coverage Ratio
The formula to calculate ICR is:
ICR= EBIT/Interest Expense
Where:
- EBIT (Earnings Before Interest and Taxes) = Operating income before deducting interest and taxes.
- Interest Expense = Total interest paid on the company’s outstanding debt.
Example 1: Basic Calculation
Company A Financials:
- EBIT = US$8,580,000
- Interest Expense = US$3,000,000
ICR= 8,580,000/3,000,000=2.86
Interpretation:
Company A can pay its interest expenses 2.86 times using its earnings before interest and taxes. This suggests the company has a moderate ability to meet its interest obligations.
Types of Interest Coverage Ratios
The Interest Coverage Ratio has several variations, depending on the financial perspective required.
| Type | Formula | Purpose |
| EBIT Interest Coverage Ratio | EBIT ÷ Interest Expense | Most commonly used; provides a balanced view of debt repayment capacity. |
| EBITDA Interest Coverage Ratio | EBITDA ÷ Interest Expense | Includes depreciation and amortisation for a broader perspective. |
| EBITDA Less Capex Coverage Ratio | (EBITDA – Capex) ÷ Interest Expense | Accounts for capital expenditures affecting cash flow. |
- EBIT Interest Coverage Ratio
Purpose:
This is the most widely used version of the Interest Coverage Ratio. It calculates how often a company’s earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) can cover its interest expenses.
How It Works:
- EBIT represents the company’s operating income before subtracting interest and taxes.
- This version gives a balanced view of a company’s ability to meet its debt obligations.
- Since EBIT includes all operating revenues and expenses, it is not affected by tax payments or non-cash expenses like depreciation and amortisation.
Best Use Cases:
- Commonly used in financial reports and credit analysis.
- Suitable for companies across all industries, as it clearly measures debt repayment capacity.
- Helpful for comparing companies in the same industry to assess their financial stability.
- EBITDA Interest Coverage Ratio
Purpose:
This ratio is similar to the EBIT Interest Coverage Ratio but adds non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortisation. It provides a broader perspective on a company’s ability to pay interest expenses.
How It Works:
- EBITDA (Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortisation) represents a company’s operating income before deducting both interest and non-cash expenses.
- Since depreciation and amortisation are accounting adjustments, they do not directly affect cash flow.
- By including these figures, this ratio offers a more realistic view of available cash flow for paying interest expenses.
Best Use Cases:
- Useful for industries with high non-cash expenses, such as manufacturing, infrastructure, and real estate.
- Helps investors evaluate companies with significant depreciation costs due to large fixed assets.
- Preferred by analysts when comparing companies with different levels of capital investment.
- EBITDA Less Capex Interest Coverage Ratio
Purpose:
This ratio takes the EBITDA Interest Coverage Ratio and further adjusts it by subtracting capital expenditures (Capex). It provides an even more accurate reflection of a company’s cash availability to cover interest expenses.
How It Works:
- Capital expenditures (Capex) are funds spent on acquiring or upgrading physical assets such as property, plants, and equipment.
- Companies with high Capex (such as telecom, energy, and real estate firms) might appear profitable based on EBITDA but still have limited free cash flow.
- This ratio helps determine how much cash is available after accounting for necessary investments in physical assets.
Best Use Cases:
- Especially important for businesses with extensive infrastructure or equipment investments.
- Used by analysts to evaluate cash flow sustainability in capital-intensive industries.
- Helps lenders assess whether a company can pay interest while maintaining long-term asset investments.
Each type of ICR provides a different viewpoint based on the company’s financial structure and operational expenses.
Examples of Interest Coverage Ratio
Let’s look at some real-world examples of well-known companies to better understand the Interest Coverage Ratio.
Example: Walmart (US Market)
Walmart’s Financials (Latest Reported Year):
- Operating Income (EBIT) = US$20.428 billion
- Interest Expense = US$1.787 billion
ICR= 20.428/1.787=11.44
Interpretation:
Walmart can cover its interest payments 11.44 times, indicating strong financial stability and a very low risk of default. This makes Walmart an attractive option for investors looking for financially secure companies.
Example: Singapore Exchange (SGX: S68)
SGX Financials (Quarter Ending June 2024):
- Operating Income (EBIT) = SGX 311 million
- Interest Expense = SGX 7 million
ICR= 311/7=44.43
Interpretation:
Singapore Exchange (SGX) has an exceptionally high ICR of 45.36, meaning it generates sufficient operating income to cover its interest expenses multiple times over. This reflects a very low risk of financial distress, making SGX a stable entity in the financial market.
Frequently Asked Questions
The Interest Coverage Ratio helps investors, lenders, and analysts assess a company’s ability to meet its interest obligations. A strong ratio indicates financial stability, while a weak ratio may signal potential liquidity issues.
A high Interest Coverage Ratio means the company earns significantly more than required to cover its interest payments, indicating strong financial health and lower risk for lenders and investors.
A low ratio suggests that a company may struggle to meet interest expenses, leading to financial distress, borrowing difficulties, or even default in extreme cases.
If a company has negative operating income (EBIT), the ratio can be negative, signaling severe financial trouble and an inability to cover interest costs without external funding.
Lenders widely use this ratio to assess credit risk, investors to evaluate financial stability, and company management to monitor debt servicing capacity and make strategic financial decisions.
Related Terms
- Cost of Equity
- Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
- Industry Groups
- Income Statement
- Historical Volatility (HV)
- Embedded Options
- Dynamic Asset Allocation
- Depositary Receipts
- Deferment Payment Option
- Debt-to-Equity Ratio
- Financial Futures
- Contingent Capital
- Conduit Issuers
- Calendar Spread
- Devaluation
- Cost of Equity
- Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
- Industry Groups
- Income Statement
- Historical Volatility (HV)
- Embedded Options
- Dynamic Asset Allocation
- Depositary Receipts
- Deferment Payment Option
- Debt-to-Equity Ratio
- Financial Futures
- Contingent Capital
- Conduit Issuers
- Calendar Spread
- Devaluation
- Grading Certificates
- Distributable Net Income
- Cover Order
- Tracking Index
- Auction Rate Securities
- Arbitrage-Free Pricing
- Net Profits Interest
- Borrowing Limit
- Algorithmic Trading
- Corporate Action
- Spillover Effect
- Economic Forecasting
- Treynor Ratio
- Hammer Candlestick
- DuPont Analysis
- Net Profit Margin
- Law of One Price
- Annual Value
- Rollover option
- Financial Analysis
- Currency Hedging
- Lump sum payment
- Annual Percentage Yield (APY)
- Excess Equity
- Fiduciary Duty
- Bought-deal underwriting
- Anonymous Trading
- Fair Market Value
- Fixed Income Securities
- Redemption fee
- Acid Test Ratio
- Bid Ask price
- Finance Charge
- Futures
- Basis grades
- Short Covering
- Visible Supply
- Transferable notice
- Intangibles expenses
- Strong order book
- Fiat money
- Trailing Stops
- Exchange Control
- Relevant Cost
- Dow Theory
- Hyperdeflation
- Hope Credit
- Futures contracts
- Human capital
- Subrogation
- Qualifying Annuity
- Strategic Alliance
- Probate Court
- Procurement
- Holding company
- Harmonic mean
- Income protection insurance
- Recession
- Savings Ratios
- Pump and dump
- Total Debt Servicing Ratio
- Debt to Asset Ratio
- Liquid Assets to Net Worth Ratio
- Liquidity Ratio
- Personal financial ratios
- Payroll deduction plan
- Operating expenses
- Demand elasticity
- Deferred compensation
- Conflict theory
- Acid-test ratio
- Withholding Tax
- Benchmark index
- Double Taxation Relief
- Debtor Risk
- Securitization
- Yield on Distribution
- Currency Swap
- Overcollateralization
- Efficient Frontier
- Listing Rules
- Green Shoe Options
- Accrued Interest
- Market Order
- Accrued Expenses
- Target Leverage Ratio
- Acceptance Credit
- Balloon Interest
- Abridged Prospectus
- Data Tagging
- Perpetuity
- Optimal portfolio
- Hybrid annuity
- Investor fallout
- Intermediated market
- Information-less trades
- Back Months
- Adjusted Futures Price
- Expected maturity date
- Excess spread
- Quantitative tightening
- Accreted Value
- Equity Clawback
- Soft Dollar Broker
- Stagnation
- Replenishment
- Decoupling
- Holding period
- Regression analysis
- Wealth manager
- Financial plan
- Adequacy of coverage
- Actual market
- Credit risk
- Insurance
- Financial independence
- Annual report
- Financial management
- Ageing schedule
- Global indices
- Folio number
- Accrual basis
- Liquidity risk
- Quick Ratio
- Unearned Income
- Sustainability
- Value at Risk
- Vertical Financial Analysis
- Residual maturity
- Operating Margin
- Trust deed
- Profit and Loss Statement
- Junior Market
- Affinity fraud
- Base currency
- Working capital
- Individual Savings Account
- Redemption yield
- Net profit margin
- Fringe benefits
- Fiscal policy
- Escrow
- Externality
- Multi-level marketing
- Joint tenancy
- Liquidity coverage ratio
- Hurdle rate
- Kiddie tax
- Giffen Goods
- Keynesian economics
- EBITA
- Risk Tolerance
- Disbursement
- Bayes’ Theorem
- Amalgamation
- Adverse selection
- Contribution Margin
- Accounting Equation
- Value chain
- Gross Income
- Net present value
- Liability
- Leverage ratio
- Inventory turnover
- Gross margin
- Collateral
- Being Bearish
- Being Bullish
- Commodity
- Exchange rate
- Basis point
- Inception date
- Riskometer
- Trigger Option
- Zeta model
- Racketeering
- Market Indexes
- Short Selling
- Quartile rank
- Defeasance
- Cut-off-time
- Business-to-Consumer
- Bankruptcy
- Acquisition
- Turnover Ratio
- Indexation
- Fiduciary responsibility
- Benchmark
- Pegging
- Illiquidity
- Backwardation
- Backup Withholding
- Buyout
- Beneficial owner
- Contingent deferred sales charge
- Exchange privilege
- Asset allocation
- Maturity distribution
- Letter of Intent
- Emerging Markets
- Consensus Estimate
- Cash Settlement
- Cash Flow
- Capital Lease Obligations
- Book-to-Bill-Ratio
- Capital Gains or Losses
- Balance Sheet
- Capital Lease
Most Popular Terms
Other Terms
- Bond Convexity
- Compound Yield
- Brokerage Account
- Discretionary Accounts
- Industry Groups
- Growth Rate
- Green Bond Principles
- Gamma Scalping
- Funding Ratio
- Free-Float Methodology
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Floating Dividend Rate
- Flight to Quality
- Real Return
- Protective Put
- Perpetual Bond
- Option Adjusted Spread (OAS)
- Non-Diversifiable Risk
- Merger Arbitrage
- Liability-Driven Investment (LDI)
- Income Bonds
- Guaranteed Investment Contract (GIC)
- Flash Crash
- Equity Carve-Outs
- Cost Basis
- Deferred Annuity
- Cash-on-Cash Return
- Earning Surprise
- Bubble
- Beta Risk
- Bear Spread
- Asset Play
- Accrued Market Discount
- Ladder Strategy
- Junk Status
- Intrinsic Value of Stock
- Interest-Only Bonds (IO)
- Inflation Hedge
- Incremental Yield
- Industrial Bonds
- Holding Period Return
- Hedge Effectiveness
- Flat Yield Curve
- Fallen Angel
- Exotic Options
- Execution Risk
- Exchange-Traded Notes
- Event-Driven Strategy
- Eurodollar Bonds
- Enhanced Index Fund
Know More about
Tools/Educational Resources
Markets Offered by POEMS
Read the Latest Market Journal
Company Overview Yoma Strategic Holdings Ltd is a Myanmar-focused conglomerate with diversified operations spanning property development, motor distribution, financial services through Wave Money, and food & beverage operations. The company serves as a key player in Myanmar's economic development, capitalising on urbanisation trends and growing consumer demand. Strong Financial Performance Amid Currency Headwinds Yoma Strategic delivered robust growth in FY26, with EBITDA rising 18% year-on-year to US$45.9 million despite facing a 5% currency depreciation. This performance demonstrates the company's operational resilience and ability to generate growth across multiple business segments. Property development remained as the primary earnings driver, contributing US$38 million with a 22% increase from the previous year. The division's strength is underpinned by Myanmar's continued urbanisation and migration patterns, with residential property serving as a preferred store of wealth for local consumers. Operational Recovery Gaining Momentum The recovery is notably broadening across all business divisions. Motor distribution has returned to profitability through the strategic restocking of third-party brands, Volkswagen passenger vehicles, and Hino trucks. Passenger vehicle sales surged to 152 units in FY26 from just 7 units in FY25, whilst Hino truck sales more than doubled to 98 units. The financial services division, Wave Money, is successfully transitioning from reliance on remittance fee towards interest income, with float income jumping approximately 80% in FY26. Meanwhile, the food & beveragesegment continues steady growth through store expansion and pricing power, achieving strong same-store sales growth of 20%. Challenges and Risk Factors The company faces ongoing challenges at Yoma Central, a mixed-use development in Yangon, which incurred finance costs of US$10 million in FY26 pending its phased restart. However, this was partially offset by a US$14.7 million fair value gain from rising land prices in central Yangon. Looking ahead, potential cost pressures from Middle East conflicts may impact operations, although management's demonstrated ability to implement price increases across all products provides defensive capabilities. The company maintains a stable financial position, with net debt, excluding cash in trust, declining to US$132 million from US$136 million in FY25, and book value standing at S$0.193 per share. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Geo Energy Resources Maintains Growth Trajectory Despite Q1 Challenges, S$0.75 Target Price Upheld
Company Overview Geo Energy Resources Ltd is an Indonesian coal mining company operating multiple mines, including the TBR (Tanah Bumbu Resources) and TRA (Watyan) mines. The company is developing integrated infrastructure to enhance its operational efficiency and reduce transportation costs. Mixed Q1 Performance Signals Transition Phase Geo Energy Resources reported Q1 2026 results that fell short of expectations, with revenue and profit after tax representing just 17% and 7% respectively of full-year forecasts. The disappointing performance was primarily attributed to a significant 36% year-on-year decline in production to 2.0 million tonnes, driven by a 1.2 million tonne decrease at the TBR mine. Key Positive Developments The company's most significant positive development centres on its major infrastructure investment nearing completion. The new 92-kilometre integrated infrastructure project, comprising hauling roads and jetty facilities valued at US$190 million, has reached 90% completion and is currently undergoing truck testing. This infrastructure, operated through the company's 69.9%-owned subsidiary Marga Bara Jaya (MBJ), is scheduled for initial use in July 2026. The infrastructure will enable Geo Energy to transfer coal haulage from existing roads that charge US$7 to US$8 per tonne, providing significant cost savings. Initial operations will utilise 30 tonne to 40 tonne trucks before larger 70-tonne vehicles are deployed. Additionally, Resource Invest has signed a term sheet for a substantial US$1.5 billion infrastructure investment, with funds to be deployed in Q3 2026 and Q1 2027. Key Negative Factors The primary challenge facing Geo Energy is the production decline at the TBR mine, which is approaching the end of its operational life. This has necessitated a strategic shift towards the larger TRA mine, which benefits from the new infrastructure developments. The company expects TRA production to increase significantly to 6 million tonnes in FY26, from 2.5 million tonnes in FY25. Market Outlook and Recommendation Despite Q1 challenges, Phillip Securities Research maintains its BUY recommendation and S$0.75 target price, based on DCF valuation. The research house expects production to ramp up substantially in the second half of 2026, supported by the new infrastructure. Coal prices are trending 30% to 40% higher year-on-year in Q2 2026, providing additional earnings support. The company maintains its full-year production target of 11.5 million to 12.5 million tonnes for FY26, unchanged from previous guidance. However, the sector faces headwinds from the Indonesian Government's proposed centralisation of commodity export controls, which could introduce incremental fees and tighter currency controls. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Salesforce Inc Maintains Strong Growth Trajectory with BUY Rating and US$270 Target Price
Company Overview Salesforce Inc is a leading enterprise customer relationship management (CRM) provider, operating with a recurring subscription business model and maintaining deep customer integration. The company has been strategically expanding into AI-driven workflows through its Data Cloud and Agentforce platforms, positioning itself at the forefront of enterprise artificial intelligence adoption. Financial Performance and Outlook Salesforce delivered solid first-quarter FY27 results, with revenue and profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) meeting expectations at 23% and 26% of full-year forecasts respectively. Revenue grew 13% year-on-year to US$11.1 billion, primarily driven by higher subscription sales, while PATMI surged 37% year-on-year due to improved operating leverage. Looking ahead, Phillip Securities Research expects FY27 growth of 11% year-on-year, with Platform Cloud leading the charge at an anticipated 30% growth rate. This expansion is supported by early adoption of Agentic AI technology, where token usage is already experiencing rapid growth. The research house anticipates reacceleration in the second half of FY27, driven by larger AI-led deal wins and strong monetisation across premium stock keeping units, seat expansion, and usage-based credits. Key Growth Drivers The Positives Cloud services continue to be the primary growth engine for Salesforce. Total group revenue increased 13% year-on-year to US$11.13 billion, with Subscription and Support contributing 95% of overall revenue through a 14% year-on-year increase. The standout performer was Platform Cloud, including Agentforce 360, Slack, and other products, which surged 43% year-on-year to US$2.7 billion, significantly accelerating from the previous quarter's 16% growth. Agentic AI momentum is building substantially across the platform. Agentforce annual recurring revenue exceeded US$1 billion, representing approximately 2.4% of FY26 total revenue and more than doubling from two quarters prior. Growth products, encompassing Agentforce, Data 360, and Informatica Cloud, reached US$3.4 billion compared to US$2.9 billion in the previous quarter. Customer adoption remains robust, with more than 50% of bookings driven by existing customers. Notably, Agentic Work Units, which track completed AI-driven tasks such as decisions or record updates, rose 111% quarter-on-quarter. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with a raised DCF target price of US$270, increased from the previous US$253. The higher target price reflects an 11% reduction in share count due to an accelerated share repurchase programme, whilst WACC and terminal growth assumptions remain unchanged. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Valuetronics Holdings Ltd, a Hong Kong-based manufacturer specialising in consumer electronics and industrial and commercial electronics, has reported mixed FY26 results that fell short of analyst expectations. The company operates through two main segments: consumer electronics (CE) and industrial and commercial electronics (ICE), with the latter serving as the primary revenue and margin driver. Financial Performance and Capital Returns The company's FY26 results disappointed, with revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) reaching only 93% and 91% of forecasts respectively. Adjusted PATMI declined 16% year-on-year to HK$67 million, primarily due to a significant increase in effective tax rates. The effective tax rate in the second half of FY26 more than tripled to approximately 15%, attributed to the full utilisation of tax losses in Hong Kong and the partial end of tax incentives in Vietnam. Despite earnings pressures, Valuetronics has announced an enhanced capital return programme. The company plans to distribute HK$300 million, or S$49 million, to shareholders over FY27 and FY28 through special dividends and share buybacks. Additionally, the ordinary dividend payout ratio has been increased from up to 50% to between 50% and 70%. Segment Performance Analysis The ICE segment demonstrated resilience, with segment profit rising 4% year-on-year to HK$140 million. Key growth drivers included network access products used in broadband applications for a Canadian customer, benefiting from a replacement cycle for building network infrastructure. Other significant contributors included thermal label printers, cold chain sensors, and PC cooling products. Conversely, the consumer electronics segment faced substantial challenges, with earnings plummeting 48% year-on-year to HK$7.2 million. This segment now represents only approximately 5% of group earnings, as legacy products including electric shavers and toothbrushes were largely phased out during FY26. Investment Outlook and Recommendation Phillip Securities Research has maintained its ACCUMULATE recommendation whilst raising the target price to S$1.29 from S$0.96, reflecting a valuation of 20 times price-to-earnings FY27e compared to the previous 13 timesprice-to-earnings multiple. This adjustment aligns with the broader re-rating of industry valuations. The research house has lowered its FY27e earnings forecasts by 12% to HK$163 million to account for higher effective tax rates. Two major headwinds are expected to impact FY27e earnings: the continued phasing out of legacy consumer electronic products and elevated effective tax rates, particularly in the first half. The company also made a HK$45 million provision on GPUs and related hardware, with expectations to dispose of the remaining approximately HK$130 million in GPUs. The dividend yield of 5.4% is supported by a special dividend of at least HK$0.16, with planned share buybacks of not less than HK$80 million in FY27. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Company Overview LHN Ltd operates a diversified business portfolio encompassing industrial facilities, facilities management, co-living operations through its Coliwoo brand, and property development. The company has positioned itself as a key player in Singapore's co-living market whilst maintaining traditional property-related revenue streams. Mixed Performance in 1H26 Results LHN Ltd delivered 1H26 results that met expectations, with revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interests representing 43% and 49% of full-year forecasts respectively. However, overall revenue declined 14% due to the complete absence of property development revenue during the period. The company maintained its interim dividend at 1 cent, demonstrating its commitment to shareholder returns despite the revenue headwinds. Strong Co-Living Portfolio Expansion The standout performer was Coliwoo, LHN's co-living franchise, which demonstrated impressive growth metrics. The portfolio expanded significantly, with room count increasing 38% year-on-year to 3,568 units. This growth was bolstered by the March opening of Coliwoo Midtown on Middle Road, which contributed 212 rooms and achieved 55% occupancy since launch. The co-living division generated revenue of S$26.9 million, representing a robust 17% year-on-year increase driven by the substantial expansion in room inventory. Demand fundamentals remain exceptionally strong, with average occupancy across the portfolio maintained at an impressive 97% level. The pipeline remains healthy, with another 1,021 rooms scheduled for development, representing a 29% increase to the current portfolio size. Key Positives and Negatives The Positive: Strong growth momentum in the Coliwoo portfolio underpinned performance, with revenue climbing 17% year-on-year to S$26.9 million supported by the 38% jump in room keys. The second half of FY26 is expected to deliver stronger performance as Coliwoo Midtown continues to ramp up occupancy levels. The Negative: Property development operations faced significant challenges, recording zero sales from the 55 Tuas South Avenue 1 project during 1H26. Whilst two units were sold in April, only 9 of the 49 launched units have been sold to date, with the company now considering rental options for the remaining properties. Investment Outlook and Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains its BUY recommendation whilst adjusting the target price to S$0.77 from the previous S$0.85, reflecting a decline in Coliwoo's market capitalisation. The valuation methodology applies a 20% discount to mark-to-market valuation due to price volatility, with property development valued at book value and remaining business valued at 10 times price-to-earnings ratio. The company offers an attractive dividend yield of 6.5%, with future growth expected from expanding the co-living franchise into dormitories for the services industry. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Nordic Group, a Singapore-based precision engineering company serving the defence, semiconductor, and marine sectors, has demonstrated resilient performance in its first quarter of FY26, with analysts maintaining confidence in its multi-year project upcycle. The company specialises in complex engineering solutions across floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, semiconductor equipment, and defence applications, positioning itself as a diversified industrial player in high-value segments. Strong Financial Performance Driven by Margin Expansion Nordic Group delivered solid first-quarter results, with profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) growing 11.1% year-on-year to S$5 million, representing 23% of the full-year FY26 forecast. Notably, this growth was achieved on relatively flat revenue growth of just 0.5% year-on-year, highlighting significant margin expansion. Net profit margin improved by 120 basis points to 12.0%, driven by the company's strategic shift towards higher-complexity projects in the FPSO, semiconductor, and defence segments. Lower finance costs and favourable USD/SGD exchange rate movements provided additional support to profitability during the quarter. Robust Order Book and Strategic Pipeline Development The company's order book expanded to S$213.5 million, representing an 8% year-on-year increase and providing strong earnings visibility through to 2028. The order book comprises maintenance services at S$146.9 million, or 69%, and project services at S$66.6 million, or 31%. Year-to-date contract wins totalled S$54.5 million, with semiconductor projects dominating at 48% of total wins, followed by marine and offshore at 15%. Management expects a medium-sized defence contract valued between S$6 million and S$20 million to be awarded. Nordic Group maintains a well-diversified pipeline across its three core segments, with S$135 million in defence opportunities, S$142 million in semiconductor quotations, including S$55 million categorised as mid-to-high conviction, and S$61 million in marine sector prospects across 152 vessels. Enhanced Financial Position and Growth Investments The company's balance sheet strengthened considerably, with net cash increasing 149% to S$10.2 million in the first quarter. Management has outlined capital allocation priorities, including S$3.6 million to 3.8 million for Thailand manufacturing capacity expansion to scale battery energy storage system (BESS) frame production, dormitory investments, and potential mergers and acquisitions targeting mid-sized companies similar to the Starburst acquisition. Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY rating with an upgraded target price of S$0.68, increased from the previous S$0.63, reflecting adjusted long-term growth assumptions. The stock trades at 8.4 times FY26 estimated price-to-earnings ratio. Analysts expect continued growth from FPSO deliveries, targeting approximately three deliveries annually, and the mass production ramp-up of battery storage frame components at the Thailand Avitools facility from the second quarter onwards. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
SATS Ltd Delivers Strong Growth on Cargo Strength and Contract Wins, Target Price Raised to S$4.52
Company Overview SATS Ltd is a leading aviation services provider operating across gateway services, comprising cargo and ground handling and food solutions, comprising aviation and non-aviation food segments. The company maintains a significant presence across key global markets, including APAC, EMEAA, and the Americas. Strong Operational Performance Drives Results SATS delivered robust fourth-quarter and full-year FY26 results, with 4Q26 revenue and PATMI growing 9.8% and 31.0% year-on-year to S$1.6 billion and S$50.7 million respectively. The full-year FY26 PATMI surged 17% year-on-year to S$285.2 million, representing 100% of forecast expectations. The gateway services segment emerged as the primary growth driver, with revenue expanding 11.5% year-on-year to S$1.3 billion in 4Q26. Within this segment, cargo revenue increased 8.4% to S$809 million, representing 50% of quarterly revenue, whilst ground handling revenue surged 17.3% to S$467 million, accounting for 29% of total revenue. Cargo Volumes and Market Expansion Cargo volumes demonstrated healthy growth of 4.7% year-on-year to 2.35 million tonnes, supported by strong performance in EMEAA markets, up 9.1% year-on-year, and APAC markets, up 9.4% year-on-year. The ground handling segment processed 174,500 flights, representing a 10.6% year-on-year increase. The company's ground handling business particularly benefited from geopolitical developments, with the rerouting of long-haul Asia-Europe flights from the Middle East to Singapore following the US-Iran conflict contributing to the 17.3% revenue growth. Strategic Contract Wins and Geographic Expansion SATS secured significant contract renewals and new business across key geographies during 4Q26, with a particular focus on building operations in the Americas and establishing an integrated cargo network across Europe. The company is also capitalising on rerouted cargo flows from the Middle East conflict, including handling operations for Jazeera Airways at the Dammam base. Outlook and Valuation Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY rating and has raised the DCF target price to S$4.52 from the previous S$4.44 , with FY27 PATMI estimates increased by 8% to reflecthigher gateway services revenue from new contract wins. The company trades at 18.3 times FY27 estimated price-to-earnings ratio, with expectations for improved margins as new facilities in Tianjin, Bangalore, and Thailand ramp up operations towards management's 20% EBITDA margin target by FY29. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
Company Overview ST Engineering Ltd is a diversified technology and engineering conglomerate operating across three key segments: Commercial Aerospace (CA), Defence & Public Security (DPS), and Urban Solutions & Satcom (USS). The company provides maintenance, repair and overhaul services, manufacturing capabilities, and engineering solutions to both commercial and defence markets globally. Strong First Quarter Performance ST Engineering delivered a solid first quarter performance in FY26, with revenue reaching expectations at 24% of full-year forecasts. Revenue grew 15% year-on-year when excluding the divested LeeBoy operations, demonstrating underlying business strength. The company reported that net profit exceeded 15% year-on-year growth, keeping ST Engineering on track to meet its ambitious 2025-29 target of growing earnings 5 percentage points faster than revenue. Robust Orderbook Growth Driven by Defence Wins The company's orderbook surged approximately 16% year-on-year to S$34.5 billion, with defence operations leading the charge in new contract wins. Two significant orders bolstered the portfolio: a S$470 million contract for Qatar land platform maintenance, repair and overhaul services, and a substantial S$600 million deal to supply eight gunboats for the Kuwait Naval Force. These wins highlight ST Engineering's strong positioning in international defence markets. Commercial Aerospace Segment Shows Positive Momentum The Commercial Aerospace division demonstrated continued strength, with revenue expanding 15% year-on-year to S$1.32 billion in the first quarter. Growth was primarily driven by engine MRO services and increased nacelle deliveries. Extended flight times have increased engine life expectancy, consequently boosting MRO requirements. ST Engineering has strengthened its partnership with engine principal CFM-LEAP in Asia, providing enhanced access to spare parts and technical expertise. Satellite Operations Improving The Satcom division, operating under the Urban Solutions & Satcom segment, showed promising signs with revenue growing 30% year-on-year in the first quarter. This growth stemmed from increased demand in government and defence sectors. Management has identified planned cost savings of S$50 million to transform the division into profitability. Investment Outlook Despite ongoing Middle East conflicts, ST Engineering has experienced no significant project delays or supply chain disruptions. The Middle East can represents less than 3% of total revenue, limiting exposure risks. The company's largest growth opportunity lies in international defence, with US$11 billion in opportunities to pursue over the next two years. Notably, international defence orders secured this year have already doubled those achieved in 2025, demonstrating accelerating momentum in this key growth area. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
