Undervalued Stocks
Buying stock is a great and mind-provoking exercise when you find stocks at levels less than their intrinsic values. In fact, such is the case with undervalued stocks. Such often go unnoticed by the overall market, and it offers an opportunity to intelligent investors to earn significant profits. This article is a complete package of the complete knowledge base on undervalued stocks, traits, advantages, disadvantages, and practical examples, in simple terms for readers at entry level.
Table of Contents
What is Undervalued Stocks?
Undervalued stocks refer to the share of a company that is currently trading at a lower price compared to its intrinsic value. Intrinsic value is considered to be the true value of a stock, usually estimated by a number of fundamental metrics about the firm, such as earnings, dividends, cash flow, and growth prospects. In simple words, they are “underpriced” compared with their actual value, giving investors a good chance of making money as the market corrects that mispricing.
For instance, if the quoted stock of the company is US$50 per share, but the intrinsic value was calculated as US$80, then it indicates that the company is undervalued. The crucial difference between the market price and intrinsic value often takes place in the cases of market imperfections, external economic changes, or short-term unfavorable attitude towards the company.
Value investing is the philosophy that was popularised by legendary investors like Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett, who emphasise that undervalued stocks should be invested in. According to value investors, buying undervalued stocks and holding them until the market recognises their true worth can bring great returns.
Understanding Undervalued Stocks
Now, to really understand undervalued stocks, one must understand the reasons stocks might trade below intrinsic values:
- Inefficiencies of the Marketplace: The stock market cannot be rational all the time. Sometimes investors overreact with respect to short-term news and the price of an equity falls when its basics are sound.
- Negative Sentiment: Poor quarter, management controversies, and even sector-wide challenges can make stocks appear undervalued as their long-term prospects have not changed.
- Economic Cycles: It may be that the market experiences an economic downturn or a recession, which pushes sector-wide selling, allowing fundamentally strong companies to go for a discounted price.
- Misunderstood Business Models: Some companies become undervalued because its business model is complex, not understood by the ordinary investor.
Investors often use financial analysis and a variety of valuation metrics to determine whether a stock is undervalued. Using such tools with good judgment helps find attractive investment opportunities.
Characteristics of Undervalued Stocks
There are a few common characteristics of undervalued stocks that separate them from overvalued or fairly valued stocks. These common characteristics help investors find their hidden gem.
- Low P/E (Price-to-Earnings) Ratio
This would then mean the comparison of the price of a firm’s stocks to earnings per share, or EPS. If its P/E ratio is quite low, especially relative to peers in the same industry, then it would signify an undervalued stock.
For example, if the average P/E ratio in a sector is 20 and a company in that sector has a P/E of 12, then it may be worth investigating why it is trading at a discount.
- Strong Financial Fundamentals
Undervalued stocks typically represent financially sound companies.
Some of the most important indicators of good fundamentals include:
- Revenue growth over time.
- Positive cash flow, which would state whether the organisation is bringing income.
- Manageable debt levels, which maintain that the company is neither overleveraged.
- High dividend yields
A dividend yield above the firm’s past average or industry peer group could mean that the firm is undervalued. Dividend paying stocks are more stable in general. So, high yield may represent depressed stock prices.
- Sector Factors
Sometimes, out-of-favour sectors, like the energy sector during low oil prices, can present firms that are otherwise healthy but may be undervalued. Their turn comes when the economy cycles back to normal.
- Bearish Market Sentiment
Market sentiment often works quite negatively on stock prices. Here, the undervalued stock would be one that was wrongly punished due to investor pessimism, although its fundamentals were good.
Benefits and Risks of Investing in Undervalued Stocks
Benefits of Investment in Undervalued Stocks
- High Return Chance
Investing in undervalued stocks has the chance of yielding high returns when the market finally recognises their real worth.
- Low Chances of Loss
Since undervalued stocks are already sold at a discount, they are less likely to fall than overvalued stocks.
- Income through Dividends
Most of the most underappreciated stocks are mature companies that pay dividends regularly, therefore giving an investor a steady flow of income.
- Portfolio Diversification
Adding undervalued stocks in a portfolio reduces its risk, especially if those undervalued stocks are diversified across different industries or geographies.
Risks Associated with Investing in Undervalued Stocks
- Lengthy Periods of Undervaluation
Not all undervalued stocks become overvalued again quickly. Some may stay undervalued for a long time as the market doesn’t get it or there is a sectoral problem.
- Fundamental Flaws
Sometimes, a stock has good reasons for being undervalued—revenue starts falling, more competition develops, or poor managerial decisions are made.
- Market Volatility
Although an undervalued stock may suffer temporary short-term losses due to broader market fluctuations, investors have to foresee such volatility.
- Error in Estimation of Intrinsic Value
This value cannot be calculated. Investors can overestimate a stock’s value and, hence, be disappointed by returns.
Examples of Undervalued Stocks
Let’s see some practical examples of undervalued stocks from the US and Singapore markets.
US Market Examples
- Bristol-Myers Squibb (NYSE: BMY)
Overview: A global biopharmaceutical leader, Bristol-Myers Squibb focuses on innovative medicines for serious diseases.
Valuation Insight: The company with a drug pipeline and consistency trades at a lower P/E ratio than the peers, hinting that it is slightly undervalued.
Investment Attraction: The company gives a moderate level of dividend and promises growth prospects. Therefore, this can be a good bargain for the value investor.
- Entergy Corporation (NYSE: ETR)
Entergy Corporation Overview: A leading utility company involved in electricity generation and distribution.
Valuation Insight: Trading at a discount at the moment due to market concern over regulatory change despite the investment in renewable energy and stable cash flows.
Investment Attractiveness: Its defensive nature and essential products are attractive during uncertain economic conditions.
Singapore Market Examples
- Singapore Technologies Engineering Ltd. (SGX: S63)
Background: A diversified engineering company with defense, urban solutions, and aero-space businesses.
Valuation Insight: The company enjoys a huge discount to its intrinsic value and has further growth potential as global spending on infrastructure increases.
Investment Attractiveness: The Company’s diversified revenue streams provide stability and long-term growth.
- Hongkong Land Holdings Limited (SGX: H78)
Overview: A property investment and development company with a robust portfolio in Asia.
Valuation Insight: Trading at below its asset value because of the pessimism of the market regarding the Hong Kong real estate sector.
Investment Attractiveness: Quality assets and a strong balance sheet make it high on the potential for recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Stocks become undervalued because of:
- Market inefficiencies leading to mispricing.
- Negative short-term events or issues that create a negative sentiment.
- Sector-wide declines due to economic downturns.
- Opportunities in lesser-known companies should be considered.
Undervalued stocks are great investments if the company’s fundamentals are sound and the price is likely to rebound. Research should, however, be pretty comprehensive to avoid “value traps,” which are stocks that don’t change their status of being undervalued for simple reasons that some intrinsic weaknesses of the firm prevent them from raising the stock price over time. Only a close look will ensure that undervaluation becomes permanent due to fundamental weaknesses.
The risks associated with investing in stocks that have undervalued prices include the possibility that they can be overvalued for a long period and are never likely to reach their intrinsic value, underlying basic problems, and increased exposure to market fluctuations that bring about volatile price movements for the stocks involved. These risks make investing in them very risky. They require thorough analysis and a long-term investment to avoid loss-making.
The most widely used ratios are:
- Price-to-Earnings Ratio: Price to earnings.
- Price-to-Book Ratio: Expresses the price relative to book value.
- Dividend Yield: This gives the ratio of dividend paid compared to price.
- Debt-to-Equity Ratio: Indicates a company’s use of financial leverage.
The holding period varies with the individual strategy, but value investors usually hold them until they reach their intrinsic value. It can take months or even years. Value investing requires patience because it takes time for the market to recognise and reflect the true worth of such stocks.
Related Terms
- Merger Arbitrage
- Intrinsic Value of Stock
- Callable Preferred Stock
- Growth Stocks
- Market maker
- Authorized Stock
- Dividend Discount Model
- Stock Shifts
- Seasoned Equity Offering
- Price to Book
- Stock Price
- Consumer Stock
- Tracking Stock
- Income stocks
- Hang Seng Index
- Merger Arbitrage
- Intrinsic Value of Stock
- Callable Preferred Stock
- Growth Stocks
- Market maker
- Authorized Stock
- Dividend Discount Model
- Stock Shifts
- Seasoned Equity Offering
- Price to Book
- Stock Price
- Consumer Stock
- Tracking Stock
- Income stocks
- Hang Seng Index
- Rally
- Ticker Symbol
- Defensive stock
- Earnings Guidance
- Wire house broker
- Stock Connect
- Options expiry
- Payment Date
- Treasury Stock Method
- Reverse stock splits
- Ticker
- Restricted strict unit
- Gordon growth model
- Stock quotes
- Shadow Stock
- Margin stock
- Dedicated Capital
- Whisper stock
- Voting Stock
- Deal Stock
- Microcap stock
- Capital Surplus
- Multi-bagger Stocks
- Shopped stock
- Secondary stocks
- Screen stocks
- Quarter stock
- Orphan stock
- One-decision stock
- Repurchase of stock
- Stock market crash
- Half stock
- Stock options
- Stock split
- Foreign exchange markets
- Stock Market
- FAANG stocks
- Unborrowable stock
- Joint-stock company
- Over-the-counter stocks
- Watered stock
- Zero-dividend preferred stock
- Bid price
- Authorised shares
- Auction markets
- Market capitalisation
- Arbitrage
- Market capitalisation rate
- Garbatrage
- Autoregressive
- Stockholder
- Penny stock
- Noncyclical Stocks
- Hybrid Stocks
- Large Cap Stocks
- Mid Cap Stocks
- Common Stock
- Preferred Stock
- Small Cap Stocks
- Earnings Per Share (EPS)
- Diluted Earnings Per Share
- Dividend Yield
- Cyclical Stock
- Blue Chip Stocks
- Averaging Down
Most Popular Terms
Other Terms
- Bond Convexity
- Compound Yield
- Brokerage Account
- Discretionary Accounts
- Industry Groups
- Growth Rate
- Green Bond Principles
- Gamma Scalping
- Funding Ratio
- Free-Float Methodology
- Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
- Floating Dividend Rate
- Flight to Quality
- Real Return
- Protective Put
- Perpetual Bond
- Option Adjusted Spread (OAS)
- Non-Diversifiable Risk
- Liability-Driven Investment (LDI)
- Income Bonds
- Guaranteed Investment Contract (GIC)
- Flash Crash
- Equity Carve-Outs
- Cost of Equity
- Cost Basis
- Deferred Annuity
- Cash-on-Cash Return
- Earning Surprise
- Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
- Bubble
- Beta Risk
- Bear Spread
- Asset Play
- Accrued Market Discount
- Ladder Strategy
- Junk Status
- Interest-Only Bonds (IO)
- Interest Coverage Ratio
- Inflation Hedge
- Industry Groups
- Incremental Yield
- Industrial Bonds
- Income Statement
- Holding Period Return
- Historical Volatility (HV)
- Hedge Effectiveness
- Flat Yield Curve
- Fallen Angel
- Exotic Options
- Execution Risk
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Dollar-Cost Averaging At Zero Cost
Accessible Investing Investing today looks nothing like it did twenty years ago. In the past, investors placed trades by calling a broker over the phone and paying high brokerage fees. It was slow, expensive and, as a result, largely dominated by institutions and wealthy investors. Today, technological advancements and competition have transformed the brokerage industry and reshaped the investment landscape. Mobile investing apps and online trading platforms now provide retail investors with real-time market access, lower transaction costs, and more convenience. Investing is now accessible to anyone with a smartphone. Understanding Dollar-Cost Averaging As more people begin their investment journey, many face the challenge of deciding when to enter the market. One of the many popular strategies that helps address this uncertainty is dollar-cost averaging (DCA). DCA is an investment strategy where you invest a fixed amount of money at regular intervals, regardless of market conditions. Rather than trying to time the market, you stay consistent by investing the same amount every month, whether prices are rising or falling. Example: Investing US$500 monthly into the S&P 500 Month Amount Invested S&P 500 Price Units Bought Jan $500 $500 1.00 Feb $500 $400 (dip) 1.25 Mar $500 $600 (rally) 0.83 The amount invested remains constant each month, but the number of units purchased varies with market prices. When prices fall, the same investment amount buys more units; when prices rise, fewer units are bought. This helps investors accumulate more units during market downturns and fewer during market rallies, potentially lowering the average cost per unit over time. Historically, the S&P 500 has delivered average annualised returns of around 8% to 10% over the long run. Hence, investors who remain disciplined and continue investing through market fluctuations have generally been rewarded over time. However, investors should note that past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. For a worked example using STI ETF, refer to POEMS' article on DCA here Benefits of DCA: Reduces emotional decision-making Lowers the risk of investing a lump sum at the wrong time Reduces the average cost per share over time Encourages consistency and discipline For investors focused on long-term wealth accumulation, consistent contributions can add up to more than most people realise. If you are new to investing, are risk-averse, prefer a hands-off approach, or do not have time to monitor markets daily, the DCA strategy may be worth considering. POEMS offers a Regular Savings Plan (RSP) that automates DCA across a range of stocks and ETFs — find out more here Costs Matter More Than You Think Transaction costs are easy to overlook. Each fee appears small, but they accumulate over time. Traditional brokerage accounts in Singapore typically charge a commission per transaction, subject to a minimum fee. As an example, a standard rate of 0.16% with a minimum fee of US$27.25 means a US$500 trade ends up costing approximately 5.5% in commission. Although the stated commission is 0.16%, the minimum fee dominates for small trades, resulting in a disproportionately high effective cost. For anyone practising DCA with regular contributions into US markets, this recurring cost creates a significant drag on every transaction. Consider a comparison of investing US$500 monthly over 10 years: With US$27.25 Commission Zero Commission Monthly Investment US$500 US$500 Annual Fees Paid US$327 (1 Monthly Trade) US$0 Capital Invested (10 Years) US$56,730 US$60,000 Assuming an 8% annual return, that US$3,270 in saved fees grows to approximately US$7,100 over 10 years. The opportunity cost of paying commissions is therefore not just US$3,270, but also the potential gains that it could have generated. While each commission may seem small, every transaction adds to the overall cost of investing. For a high-frequency intra-day trader executing approximately 10 to 20 trades per day, each charged at US$2 to US$4 per trade, total fees would amount to US$20 to US$80 per day. Over time, these costs accumulate and reduce the amount of capital that stays invested and compounding. Lower fees allow more capital to remain invested and benefit from compounding over the long term. Zero-Commission Investing The investing landscape has changed significantly over the past decade. One of the biggest developments has been the rise of zero-commission trading, which has removed a major cost barrier and made investing more accessible to retail investors. This shift has transformed how retail investors participate in the market by making features more accessible: Fractional shares became more viable when commissions were removed. Previously, a flat trading fee on a small fractional purchase could consume a significant portion of the investment, making it impractical for smaller investors. Recurring orders allow investors to automate regular purchases and practise DCA. Under the old fee structure, each transaction would incur charges, making frequent small investments costly and less effective. Lower barriers for younger investors. With no commissions, investors with limited capital can start investing without fees eroding their principal. With the growth of mobile investing platforms, zero-commission trading has made investing more accessible than ever. POEMS recently launched US$0 brokerage commissions on US stocks through its Cash Plus Account, making it the first full-service brokerage firm in Singapore to offer true zero-commission US equities. Investors can manage their portfolios and place trades directly from their phones, while real-time market access allows them to monitor price movements and react instantly to market developments. Without commissions, investors can take advantage of market opportunities without fees eating into smaller trades. Why Zero-Cost DCA Matters for Retail Investors Zero-cost DCA is a game-changer for retail investors because it eliminates transaction fees that disproportionately affect portfolios. Removing these costs allows contributions to be fully invested. For retail investors: Low barrier of entry, making it easier to start with smaller amounts Supports disciplined investing habits Enables recurring investment strategies without fees affecting each contribution Reduces hesitation and emotional resistance during volatile market periods For long-term investors: Better capital efficiency, as more money remains invested and able to compound over time Encourages consistency, rather than relying on market timing Overall, zero-cost investing combined with DCA reduces two key barriers for retail investors: cost and complexity. It replaces them with a simple and repeatable strategy that supports long-term investing discipline. True Zero Commission Geography, high fees, or access to platforms no longer constrain investing. Today, anyone with a smartphone can start investing with ease. For retail investors, zero-cost DCA offers a straightforward way to take advantage of this shift. With commissions at US$0, investors can invest consistently, build positions over time, and allow compounding to work without small fees quietly eating into returns. DCA remains one of the simplest long-term strategies. With POEMS Cash Plus offering US$0 commission, no platform fees and no settlement fees on US stocks, it removes barriers that previously made regular investing more difficult. However, zero-cost DCA is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Investors should consider their financial goals and risk tolerance before incorporating DCA into their investment strategy. In today’s market, consistency and discipline often matter more than trying to time the perfect entry. Start your zero-commission DCA journey with POEMS Cash Plus today. Open an Account Now! Appendix/Sources [1]https://financialhorse.com/is-dca-the-best-way-to-buy-stocks/ [2] https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/dollarcostaveraging.asp [3]https://www.poems.com.sg/market-journal/simple-but-powerful-strategies-behind-dca-and-dva/ [4]https://www.home.saxo/content/articles/macro/worried-about-investing-at-market-highs-dollar-cost-averaging-dca-can-help-10122024 [5] https://www.stashaway.sg/r/singapore-best-online-brokerages-trading-platforms [6]https://www.dbsvickers.com/vickers/pricing/individualaccount?pid=sg-vickers-en-trade-heroblock-individual-account-learnmorebtn Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Zixin Group Holdings Delivers Strong Growth on Volume Surge, BUY Rating with S$0.06 Target Price
Company Overview Zixin Group Holdings Ltd operates as a Chinese agricultural company specialising in fresh sweet potatoes and processed sweet potato products. The company serves both domestic Chinese markets and international customers through its dual-segment business model, combining fresh produce distribution with value-added processing operations. Strong Financial Performance Exceeds Expectations Zixin Group Holdings delivered impressive 2H26 results that surpassed analyst forecasts, with revenue climbing 44.3% year-on-year to RMB386.8 million and net income rising 29.9% to RMB45.4 million. The strong performance was driven by higher sales volumes across both business segments, with full-year revenue and profit after tax and minority interests reaching 104% and 123% of forecasts respectively. Fresh Sweet Potato Segment Powers Growth The fresh sweet potato segment emerged as a standout performer, with earnings nearly doubling due to approximately 30% year-on-year growth in sales volume. This robust performance was underpinned by the company's smart warehouse infrastructure, which extends shelf life and reduces spoilage, enabling a higher percentage of inventory to flow into revenue-generating sales channels. Despite expectations of margin pressure from rising production costs such as fertiliser, Zixin anticipates that volume growth will offset these headwinds and maintainthe current net margin of approximately 21.5% for the cultivation and supply segment. The company projects 60% year-on-year revenue growth for this segment in FY27, supported by expanded sales channels within China and deeper international market penetration. Processed Products Segment Shows Steady Expansion The processed products division also demonstrated strong momentum, with earnings increasing 12.5% year-on-year. Growth was fuelled by higher sales volumes and portfolio expansion, particularly the introduction of additive-free, vacuum-packed steamed sweet potatoes launched in FY25, complementing existing sweet potato crisps and fries. Sales of processed chips and steamed sweet potato products surged 71% year-on-year, establishing these products as the segment's primary growth engines. Management expects 30% year-on-year growth for FY27, driven by enhanced production of high-margin premium products and an expanding white-label customer base. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains its BUY recommendation whilst raising the target price to S$0.06. The firm has increased FY27 revenue and net profit forecasts by 23% and 29% respectively, expecting 24% year-on-year earnings growth driven by continued expansion of Zixin's white-label ODM business and sustained demand for premium sweet potato varieties. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Company Overview Adobe Inc is a leading software company providing creative, marketing, and document management solutions to professionals and consumers worldwide. The company operates through its flagship Creative Cloud platform, offering tools like Photoshop, Premiere, and Lightroom, alongside productivity solutions such as Acrobat for PDF management. Strong Performance Driven by Creative Cloud Pro Adobe's second quarter 2026 results met expectations, with revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interest reaching 50% and 51% of full-year forecasts respectively. The company's performance was primarily driven by the Adobe Creative Cloud Pro offering, which has gained significant traction amongst creative professionals. The freemium strategy continues to show remarkable results, with Creative freemium monthly active users surging 70% year-on-year to exceed 90 million users. This represents an acceleration from the 50% growth recorded in the first quarter. The user base expansion spans across web and mobile platforms, encompassing Firefly, Express, Premiere, Photoshop, and Lightroom applications. Document Workflow Expansion Shows Promise Adobe's productivity suite demonstrated robust growth, with business professionals and consumers increasing 16% year-on-year. Acrobat and Express experienced particularly strong adoption, with monthly active users rising 20% annually. The integration of artificial intelligence capabilities has significantly enhanced performance, with annual recurring revenue in this segment tripling compared to the previous year. ARR Growth Challenges Persist Despite strong user engagement, Adobe faces ongoing challenges with annual recurring revenue growth. Excluding the US$480 million contribution from Semrush, Adobe's ARR reached US$26.6 billion, representing 10.5% year-on-year growth. This marks the tenth consecutive quarter of organic ARR deceleration, reflecting management's continued emphasis on user acquisition over immediate monetisation. Investment Outlook Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation on Adobe with an increased target price of US$385, up from the previous US$368. The company trades at an attractive valuation of 11.5 times FY26 estimated GAAP price-to-earnings ratio, below its one-year average of 18 times. Despite competitive pressures from generative AI, Adobe's commercially safe intellectual property, enterprise demand for comprehensive tools, and Firefly's integration capabilities support a resilient outlook. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Company Overview Oracle Corporation operates as a leading enterprise software and cloud infrastructure provider, offering an integrated technology stack spanning from database management systems to comprehensive cloud services. The company has positioned itself as a critical player in the enterprise cloud market, delivering end-to-end solutions that combine infrastructure and cloud services for large-scale business operations. Strong Financial Performance Drives Optimistic Outlook Oracle delivered robust fourth-quarter FY26 results, with revenue meeting expectations whilst profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) exceeded forecasts. Full-year FY26 performance was equally impressive, with revenue and PATMI reaching 101% and 115% of analyst projections respectively. The company achieved remarkable 21% year-on-year revenue growth in the fourth quarter, primarily driven by Oracle Cloud revenue surging 47% compared to the previous year. Unprecedented Revenue Visibility and Growth Acceleration Oracle has established exceptional revenue visibility through its Remaining Performance Obligations (RPO), which rose an extraordinary 4.6 times to reach US$638 billion. This massive backlog underpins Oracle's confidence in accelerating revenue growth to 34% year-on-year in FY27, a significant jump from FY26's 16% growth rate. The Cloud Infrastructure business represents the primary growth engine, with revenue projections showing a remarkable 109% surge. Oracle's infrastructure expansion is gaining substantial momentum, with first-quarter FY27 additions approaching 1 gigawatt of capacity, nearly matching FY26's entire annual addition of 1.2 gigawatts. Strategic Partnerships and Infrastructure Expansion Oracle has secured transformative partnerships, most notably OpenAI's five-year US$300 billion Oracle Cloud Infrastructure commitment beginning in 2027. This partnership is expected to receive additional support from OpenAI's anticipated initial public offering, which could provide capital for fulfilling FY27 obligations. The company's ambitious infrastructure expansion includes five major Stargate sites. The flagship Abilene, Texas campus is 42% complete and targeted to deliver 1.2 gigawatts by end-2026. Four additional sites across Texas, New Mexico, Michigan, and Wisconsin are under construction, with deliveries commencing in 2027. This expansion is expected to scale total capacity to 7 gigawatts, progressing towards Oracle's ultimate 10 gigawatt target. Investment Recommendation and Valuation Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY rating with a revised discounted cash flow target price of US$237, reduced from the previous US$275. This adjustment reflects increased FY27e capital expenditure guidance of US$70 billion, net of US$20 to US$25 billion in customer prepayments, and is substantially higher than initial estimates of US$47 billion. The weighted average cost of capital and growth assumptions remain unchanged. The substantial US$75 billion in bookings under the new funding model over two quarters, representing 12% of RPO, demonstrates strong customer preference for Oracle's comprehensive technology stack despite prepayment requirements and bring-your-own-hardware conditions. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. 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Company Overview Apple Inc. operates as a leading technology company that designs, manufactures, and market consumer electronics, computer software, and online services globally. The company's ecosystem approach integrates hardware, software, and services across devices including iPhones, iPads, Macs, and Apple Watches, creating a comprehensive digital experience for users. WWDC Unveils Comprehensive AI Strategy Apple held its annual Worldwide Developers Conference on 8 June, providing greater visibility into its artificial intelligence strategy through significant updates to Apple Intelligence and Siri. The conference demonstrated Apple's approach to integrating AI capabilities across its ecosystem whilst maintaining its privacy-first philosophy. Enhanced Siri and Apple Intelligence Features The centrepiece of Apple's AI advancement is Siri AI, a next-generation version powered by Apple Intelligence. This enhanced assistant represents a fundamental shift from traditional command-based voice interaction towards a more capable, proactive AI-powered digital assistant. Key improvements include personal context understanding, on-screen awareness, visual intelligence, and enhanced conversational capabilities that enable better comprehension of user intent and execution of complex tasks across applications. Apple Intelligence expansion extends throughout the ecosystem with new capabilities including AI-powered tab organisation and page monitoring in Safari, natural-language event creation in Calendar, context-aware suggestions in Messages, and AI-assisted automation through Shortcuts. The system also features enhanced image generation and photo editing tools, combining personal context, world knowledge, and on-screen awareness to deliver personalised experiences. Privacy-First Approach and Ecosystem Integration Apple emphasised its privacy-centric AI strategy, highlighting on-device AI inference whenever possible whilst utilising Private Cloud Compute only when additional processing power is required. Notably, Apple Intelligence is positioned as a system-wide capability integrated across the installed base, rather than a standalone subscription service. Investment Outlook and Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains a NEUTRAL recommendation with an increased DCF target price of US$290, up from US$280 previously. The firm raised its FY26 revenue and PATMI assumptions by 2% and 1% respectively, accounting for continued iPhone 17 growth. The beta assumption was lowered from 1.00 times to 0.95 times, reflecting increased confidence in Apple's long-term competitive positioning and ecosystem durability. The updates strengthen Apple's ecosystem advantage, potentially driving more robust upgrade cycles and improved services revenue whilst requiring modest capital expenditure compared to hyperscalers. However, successful execution and broader user adoption remain critical for translating these developments into sustained earnings growth. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Understanding Technology ETFs: Participate in AI Megatrend with Suitable Portfolio
When constructing an investment portfolio, defensive assets such as bonds and income-generating equities provide stability. However, to outperform inflation and achieve meaningful long-term wealth compounding, investors may benefit from allocating more into growth companies. In today’s global economy, one of the key growth engines is the technology sector, which powers the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem. From semiconductors and cloud infrastructure to data centres and advanced software, AI is not a single industry—it is an entire value chain. For retail investors, Technology ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) offer the most efficient way to gain diversified exposure across this ecosystem without the concentration risk of picking individual winners. This guide focuses on how investors can strategically deploy different types of Technology ETFs to capture the AI megatrend. 1. Understanding Tech ETFs as AI Exposure Vehicles Technology ETFs are fundamentally growth-oriented instruments with higher investment risk profiles compared to broad-based market ETFs. Unlike traditional value sectors, technology companies reinvest earnings into innovation, allowing them to scale rapidly alongside structural trends such as AI adoption. Key implications for investors: Higher Volatility, Higher Potential Returns: Tech ETFs may enjoy large upside growth, but they can also suffer from sharper drawdowns across market cycles. Interest Rate Sensitivity: Falling rates tend to support technology valuations, making macro timing relevant for entry points. Capital Gains Focus: Returns are driven primarily by price appreciation, not dividends. For investors, this means Tech ETFs should be positioned as long-term growth allocators, not income tools. 2. Mapping Tech ETFs to the AI Value Chain A more effective way to invest in AI is to understand where each ETF sits within the AI infrastructure stack: AI Value Chain Exposure via ETFs: AI Models & Software (Top Layer) Exposure via mega-cap heavy ETFs, such as NASDAQ-100 trackers → Example of companies: Microsoft, Alphabet, Meta Compute & Data Centres (Middle Layer) Exposure via diversified or semiconductor-focused ETFs → Example of companies: NVIDIA, AMD, Broadcom Infrastructure Enablers (Foundational Layer) Indirect exposure via broader tech or thematic ETFs → Examples include power, cooling, and industrial enablers Investor Insight: Owning a single ETF may overweight one layer. Selecting a few targeted ETFs can help investors expand their exposure across the AI ecosystem. 3. Choosing the Right “Flavour” of Tech ETF (With Real Market Proxies) To effectively capture the AI megatrend, investors should think beyond generic “tech exposure” and instead select ETFs based on where they sit within the AI ecosystem and their risk-return profile. Below is a practical breakdown using widely traded institutional ETFs: ETF Name Ticker Listing Strategy AUM (Approx) Expense Ratio No. of Holdings Key Exposure Invesco QQQ Trust QQQ NASDAQ Mega-cap growth ~US$494B 0.18% ~102 AI platforms (Microsoft, NVIDIA, Apple) Technology Select Sector SPDR XLK NYSE Arca S&P 500 Tech ~US$124B 0.08% ~75 Pure US tech leaders Invesco NASDAQ Next Gen 100 QQQJ NASDAQ Mid-cap innovators ~US$1B 0.15% ~104 Emerging AI & software players iShares MSCI World IT UCITS ETF WITS Euronext Global diversified ~US$1.04B 0.18% ~135 Global tech (US and Europe e.g. ASML) iShares Hang Seng TECH ETF 3067 HK HKEX China tech ~HKD15B 0.25% ~34 Alibaba, Tencent, Meituan a) Mega-Cap Tech ETFs (Core AI Exposure): A significant portion of AI profits today is concentrated within a handful of mega-cap firms. These ETFs are the most direct way to gain exposure to AI leaders and hyperscalers, which dominate spending on AI infrastructure and model development. Examples: QQQ - Invesco QQQ Trust, XLK - State Street Technology Select Sector SPDR ETF b) Small & Mid-Cap Tech ETFs (AI Growth Optionality): While riskier, these companies represent more specific firms benefiting from AI growth These ETFs target the next generation of AI beneficiaries, including: SaaS platforms integrating AI Cybersecurity firms Vertical AI applications Example: QQQJ - Invesco NASDAQ Next Gen 100 ETF c) Multi-Cap / Global Tech ETFs (Balanced Exposure): AI sector involves global supply chain. Global exposure helps investors avoid missing out on the growth of critical enablers outside of US market Example: WITS - iShares MSCI World Information Technology Sector Advanced UCITS ETF USD Inc These ETFs provide diversified exposure across: US mega-cap leaders Semiconductor supply chain International tech, such as ASML in Europe d) Regional Tech ETFs (China / Asia Angle): Asia and other regions also have significant investment opportunities tapping on the AI technology growth These ETFs capture: China’s AI ecosystem Platform companies adapting AI into e-commerce, fintech, and logistics Key risk: Regulatory intervention and policy shifts remain a key overhang. Example: 3067 HK - iShares Hang Seng TECH ETF 4. Implementation Strategy: Building an AI ETF Portfolio Rather than selecting a single ETF, investors should construct a layered exposure strategy aligned with the AI value chain. Step 1: Define Your Core Exposure (Foundation Layer) Start with a mega-cap ETF (QQQ or XLK) Suggested allocation: 15%–25% Step 2: Add Diversification (Ecosystem Layer) Incorporate a global or multi-cap ETF (WITS) Suggested allocation: 10%–20% Step 3: Add Growth Optionality (Satellite Layer) Allocate to mid-cap innovators (QQQJ) Suggested allocation: 5%–10% Step 4: Optional Regional Tilt (Tactical Layer) For investors seeking diversification Suggested allocation: 0%–10% Example Portfolio Construction (Balanced Investor) Allocation Bucket ETF Example Weight Core AI Leaders QQQ 20% Global Tech Diversification WITS 15% Growth Innovators QQQJ 10% Asia Tech Exposure 3067 HK 5% Total Tech Allocation 50% The AI opportunity is not confined to a single company or ETF. It is a multi-layer ecosystem spanning platforms, compute, and infrastructure. By combining different types of Technology ETFs, investors can: Capture exposure to current AI leaders Participate in future disruptors Gain exposure to the global technology supply chain The AI megatrend acts as a structural growth multiplier due to the following growth factors: Rising global AI capital expenditure Increasing demand for compute and infrastructure Productivity gains across industries Even a modest allocation can potentially enhance long-term portfolio returns. 6. Implementation Checklist for Investors Before investing in any Technology ETF, investors can apply this screening framework: Concentration Risk Check the ETF’s top holdings andensure alignment with your investment conviction Sub-sector Exposure Know whether you are buying exposure to semiconductors, software, or broad technology Expense Ratio For passive ETFs, consider funds with an expense ratio below 0.50% Liquidity & AUM Prefer funds with strong trading volume and scale and sufficient scale Currency Considerations Factor in USD/HKD currency risk exposure against SGD base currency Final Takeaway The AI revolution is not just about breakthrough technologies—it is also about the infrastructure and ecosystem that supports it. Technology ETFs provide investors with a scalable, diversified, and liquid way to participate in this transformation. If bonds are the anchor of a portfolio, then Technology ETFs can serve as the growth engine—capturing the momentum of AI, compounding capital over time, and positioning investors on the right side of one of the most powerful structural trends of this decade. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

The AI Infrastructure Buildout Is Just Beginning
"We have only just begun this buildout." Those were the words of NVIDIA CEO Jensen Huang when describing the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution. Huang recently referred to AI as the "largest infrastructure buildout in human history", arguing that trillions of dollars of investment will be required before the full potential of AI can be realised. While investors often focus on AI applications such as ChatGPT, autonomous agents, and generative content, the more immediate investment opportunity may lie beneath the surface—in the infrastructure powering these technologies. Just as the internet required data centres, fibre networks and cloud computing platforms, AI requires unprecedented amounts of computing power, memory, storage and networking capacity. Every AI model trained and every AI query processed relies on a vast ecosystem of hardware providers operating behind the scenes. AI's Unsung Hero: Memory One company increasingly attracting investor attention is Micron Technology. While NVIDIA's GPUs often dominate headlines, advanced memory has become one of the most critical components within AI systems. High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) allows AI accelerators to process enormous volumes of data at the speeds required by modern AI workloads. Micron's recent results highlight the strength of this trend. The company reported record revenue, earnings and cash flow, driven by robust AI-related demand and tight industry supply conditions. Management noted that AI demand continues to support strong growth across its memory business. Analysts have also pointed to HBM as a major growth driver, with demand from hyperscale data centres creating a structural shift in the memory market. Consensus expectations for Micron's HBM revenue have been revised sharply higher as AI infrastructure spending accelerates globally. Beyond NVIDIA: The Broader AI Ecosystem The AI investment theme extends well beyond a handful of technology giants. Investors are increasingly exploring opportunities across the entire AI value chain, including semiconductor manufacturers, memory suppliers, networking providers, cloud infrastructure companies and data-centre operators. Recent industry commentary suggests that AI-related spending remains resilient despite periodic market volatility. Memory demand, in particular, continues to benefit from the rapid expansion of AI training and inference workloads. Some analysts have even described the current environment as the early stages of a semiconductor "supercycle" driven by AI infrastructure investment. Accessing AI Opportunities Through US Markets Many of the world's leading AI companies are listed in the United States, making US equities a key destination for investors seeking exposure to this transformative trend. With US Zero Commission Trading with POEMS Cash Plus Account, investors can access a wide range of AI-related opportunities across the US market while reducing transaction costs. Whether investing in established industry leaders or emerging beneficiaries of the AI infrastructure buildout, lower trading costs can help investors participate more efficiently in long-term growth themes. The AI revolution is changing the world as we know it. As Jensen Huang said that “It is a foregone conclusion that AI will be infrastructure for the world, just like the Internet was infrastructure for the world.” FAQ 1. Is AI taking a breather, or something bigger? On Wednesday 10th June 2026 morning (SG time), US indexes after close: Nasdaq slipped -1% S&P slipped -0.3% DOW gained +0.2% A clear sector rotation is occurring, with AI and AI-linked sectors pulling back after record breaking rallies; as concerns around overextended AI valuations, geopolitical escalations and rising rate odds weighed on expectations. The Dow which represents the “old” economy and blue chips stocks, including financials, real estate, consumer goods, healthcare, ended up higher compared with the tech-dominant Nasdaq and cap weighted S&P 500 (as seen below). Figure 1: Daily and weekly performances of the 11 Sectors in the US as of 10th June 2026 (Wednesday) https://finviz.com/groups 2. Tech in danger zone? As at 9th June 2026, the daily chart of the Tech sector ETF (XLK) relative to the SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust SPY has suffered a sharp fall to its 20-day EMA support area (red dotted line). A clear underperformance against S&P 500. Key support area remains the orange line of 0.2422, which was its previous resistance.If sell off pressures were to persist, the XLK/SPY ratio could fall to the green support area of 0.2338. A breakdown below that support would invalidate the bullish momentum that pushed the XLK to parabolic highs. From a momentum point of view, XLK has still outperformed the S&P 500 index YTD, with prices above key moving averages. But recent price action seems to suggest that its lead may be narrowing as the rest of the laggards play catch up. Watch out for the key support levels, with 0.2338 serving as an important level, represented by the green line. Alternatives sector plays Healthcare (XLV) The big laggard of 2025, is it finally playing catch-up in 2026? From a technical point of view, XLV has restored bullish momentum in the short term, as the 20-day Exponential Moving Average crosses above 40-day Exponential Moving Average, supported by decisive breakouts above several key resistance levels. Its current rally represents a significant turnaround from the weakness seen earlier in 2026, with the April low serving as a key support area The bullish rally will set to continue if prices can break above the key resistance area of US$155, represented by the white line. Real Estate (XLRE) Price action is bullish in the short term, with 20-day Exponential Moving Average, represented by thered dotted line crosses above 40-dayExponential Moving Average, represented by the blue dotted. Coupled with a decisive break above the former resistance at US$43 (orange line). That resistance area has transformed into a key support area through a classic resistance to support reversal. The key resistance area to watch would be US$45, represented by the white line, the swing high within the Fibonacci retracement. Price action seems poised for another leg up if there is a break above, after some range bound trading from April to May. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

S&P 500 ETFs: Comparing IVV/VOO/SPY, CSPX/SPYL & S27
While the full list of S&P 500 ETFs is extensive, focusing on the most popular options makes your selection process much easier to navigate. Most popular S&P 500 ETF on US Market – IVV, VOO & SPY Save on withholding tax with Ireland domiciled UCITS ETFs - CSPX vs SPYL Invest in S&P 500 ETF using SRS - S27 Why invest in an S&P 500 ETF? You can't invest directly in an index, however, you can buy an ETF that holds the same companies in similar proportions, giving you diversification across 500 companies in a single purchase. Key Benefits: Diversification – One share spreads your risk across hundreds of companies and multiple sectors. Low Cost – S&P 500 ETFs are among the cheapest investments available, with expense ratios often under 0.10%. Simplicity – No need to research individual stocks or rebalance your portfolio manually. Liquidity – These ETFs trade millions of shares daily, so you can buy or sell anytime the market is open. Five S&P 500 ETFs at a Glance VOO, IVV and SPY are the most popular S&P 500 ETFs. CSPX and SPYL are UCTIS ETFs that have rapidly grown in popularity among international investors due to the structural tax efficiencies offered by its Irish domicile. While they all track the same index, they differ in areas like fees, trading liquidity, and fund structure — factors that can meaningfully affect your returns over time. Read on: ETF Ticker Issuer Expense Ratio Assets Under Management Listed On SPY State Street (SPDR) 0.0945% ~$768B USD NYSE IVV BlackRock (iShares) 0.03% ~$831B USD NYSE VOO Vanguard 0.03% ~$1.6T USD NYSE CSPX BlackRock (iShares) 0.07% ~$144B USD LSE SPYL State Street (SPDR) 0.03% ~$18B USD LSE (Data as of 26/05/26) 1. SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY) Launched in 1993, SPY was the first ETF in the United States and remains the most heavily traded. Its massive daily volume makes it the go-to choice for traders, hedge funds, and institutions that need to move large amounts of money quickly. The downside? Its fees are higher compared to IVV and VOO. It also uses an older structure that does not automatically reinvest dividends. Best for: Active traders and those who prioritize liquidity above all else. Not ideal for: Long-term investors focused on keeping costs low. 2. iShares Core S&P 500 ETF (IVV) BlackRock’s iShares Core S&P 500 ETF matches VOO’s rock-bottom expense ratio and immediately reinvests dividends, which can slightly improve long-term returns through compounding. It’s structured as a standard ETF (unlike SPY’s older unit investment structure), giving it a bit more flexibility. Best for: Long-term investors who want low costs and don’t need SPY’s extreme liquidity. 3. Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO) Vanguard is synonymous with low-cost investing, and VOO delivers exactly that. It’s nearly identical to IVV in structure and cost. For most people, choosing between VOO and IVV usually comes down to personal preference. Best for: Long-term investors focused on minimizing fees. 4. iShares Core S&P 500 UCITS ETF (CSPX) iShares Core S&P 500 UCITS ETF is a popular choice for international investors due to its Ireland domicile. Dividend withholding tax is 15%. Since it is an accumulating fund, dividends are reinvested automatically, which enhances long-term compounding. It has a slightly higher expense ratio and may experience lower liquidity and small tracking differences compared to US-listed S&P 500 ETFs due to trading and market structure differences, but the lower dividend withholding tax and accumulating structure can possibly lead to higher returns over the long term. Key Consideration: CSPX is listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE), subjected to LSE commission and exchange fees. 5. SPDR S&P 500 UCITS ETF (SPYL) SPYL is a much newer offering that is Ireland domiciled and has the same accumulating structure as CSPX. The accumulating share class officially launched on 31 October 2023. It is highly liquid but does not yet match the sheer historical trading volume and fund size of CSPX. Compared with CSPX, SPYL aggressively captures market share with its lower expense ratio. It is one of the cheapest S&P 500 UCITS ETFs available. SPYL also has a lower nominal share price, making it highly accessible and capital-efficient for frequent Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA), without needing to rely heavily on fractional shares. Key Consideration: SPYL is listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE), subjected to LSE commission and exchange fees. Invest in S&P 500 with SRS You can also invest in S&P 500 ETF on Singapore Stock Exchange as SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (S27), which tracks the same index as the US-listed SPY. You can buy S27 with your SRS monies through POEMS, do remember to select settlement in SGD! S27 is not available under CPF Investment Scheme (CPFIS), so you cannot use CPF OA/SA to buy it. The Bottom Line Over the long run, the S&P 500 has historically returned around 10% annually on average, despite going through events such as wars, recessions, and financial crises. Of course, future returns are never guaranteed but owning a slice of America’s largest companies has generally been a reliable way to build wealth over time. An S&P 500 ETF won’t make you rich overnight. But for patient investors willing to ride out market ups and downs, it remains one of the simplest and most effective tools available. Interested in investing in SPY/VOO/IVV/CSPX/SPYL or S27? Just enter the ticker code and add them to your POEMS watchlist! ETF Ticker Issuer Listed On Payment Method SPY State Street (SPDR) NYSE Cash IVV BlackRock (iShares) NYSE Cash VOO Vanguard NYSE Cash CSPX BlackRock (iShares) LSE Cash SPYL State Street (SPDR) LSE Cash S27 State Street (SPDR) SGX Cash & SRS Looking to dollar-cost average and invest regularly? Explore recurring order and Share Builder Plan. Subscribe for free US live prices for SPY/VOO/IVV Subscribe for free SGX enhanced market depth for S27 Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. 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