Liability

Table of Contents

Liability
What is a liability?
Understanding liability
Types of liability
How liabilities work
Example of liabilities
Frequently Asked Questions

Liability

As a small business owner, you might owe money to suppliers, staff members, and the government. In your accounting records, you must maintain records of the debts owed by your company. Mark your debts as liabilities to keep track of the money you owe.

Liabilities are past-due debts owed by your company to another company, group, vendor, worker, or government body. Debts are acquired via routine company operations.

What is a liability?

The amount of debt owed by a business to settle previous transactions is referred to as liabilities. This money may belong to the corporation rather than its lenders, banks, or other lenders or financial organisations. The balance statement lists these as credits in the order of payment terms.

Any business organisation’s liability is a crucial component and is frequently a reliable indicator of how well-off and financially stable a corporation is. It is essential because liabilities suggest that a business must eventually give another organisation financial benefits. Examples of liabilities include debtors, bank loans, and so forth.

Understanding liability

A liability is an obligation one party owes to another that hasn’t been met or paid for. In the field of accounting, a commitment is a financial liability. However, it is more particularly defined by past commercial dealings, occasions, sales, trades of commodities or services, or anything else that will provide income in the future. Current liabilities are considered short-term obligations, whereas non-current liabilities are long-term.

Liabilities are future financial sacrifices that a business must make for other entities as a result of previous occurrences or previous transactions. A company’s liabilities must be managed effectively to prevent a solvency crisis or, in the worst situation, bankruptcy. Liabilities can be classified as current, non-current, or contingent.

Types of liability

Liability

Liabilities are primarily categorised based on when they are due. The company’s ability to manage its financial obligations depends on the classification. They are as follows:

Current liabilities

Current obligations are those with a one-year maturity date. These typically happen throughout regular business activities. Due to the short-term nature of these financial commitments, management should consider the company’s liquidity.

Non-current liabilities

Obligations that are due after more than a year are referred to as non-current or long-term liabilities. It is crucial that short-term duties, such as short-term loans or the current element of long-term debt, are not included in the non-current liabilities.

Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities that come to pass in a fictitious incident. These might take place. As a result, only commitments with a larger than 50% likelihood of occurring are recorded in accounting records. Still unresolved liabilities include lawsuits, government inquiries, liquidated damages, and product warranties.

How liabilities work

When you purchase your company, you have two options for paying: cash from your checking account or a loan. Either way, borrowing creates a debt that must be repaid at some point, either in cash or by using other assets.

For instance, using a credit card to make purchases from suppliers is a type of borrowing that, unless paid off at the end of the month, creates a liability for your company. Similar penalties result from obtaining a bank overdraft, a business loan, or a mortgage on real estate used for business purposes. Corporate operations like paying staff and collecting sales tax from clients can also result in liabilities.

Your company’s balance sheet, a financial statement that depicts the state of the business after an accounting period, lists liabilities. The business’s assets, or what it owns, are displayed on the left, while its obligations and owners’ equity are displayed on the right. Typically, the liabilities are shown above the owners’ equity because they will be paid back if a company files for bankruptcy.

Example of liabilities

Examples of liabilities are:

Defaulted loans
Plans for paying for purchased equipment
Supplier payments that are due
Expenses required for goods or services obtained
Accrued income (worker compensation not yet paid)

Interest due on outstanding bonds or preferred shares.
Unpaid fines or responsibilities to the law
Unpaid pension contributions
Client deposits
Taxes owing

Frequently Asked Questions

How do liabilities relate to assets and equity?

Liabilities are a company’s financial obligations, while assets are a company’s resources. Equity is the owner’s investment in the company.

Liabilities and assets are always equal because an equal amount of assets offsets every company’s liability. For example, if a company owes US$1,000 in liabilities, it will have US$1,000 in assets to offset that debt. Equity is the difference between the two, representing the owner’s investment in the company.

In simple terms, liabilities are what a company owes, assets are what a company owns, and equity is the owner’s investment.

What is contingent liability?

A contingent obligation is a duty or potential loss that might exist in the future depending on how a specific event turns out. Investigations that are still open, product warranties, and prospective lawsuits can all lead to contingent liability.

What are current and non-current liabilities?

A company’s non-current obligations are those that it anticipates taking longer than current liabilities to pay off. Liabilities are divided into existing and non-current categories on the balance sheet. Non-current commitments are sometimes known as long-term liabilities.

What is accounting reporting of liabilities?

Liabilities are reported on a company’s balance sheet. According to the accounting equation, the total number of penalties must match the difference between the total amount of assets and the total amount of equity. According to accepted accounting rules, liabilities must be declared.

What is the difference between assets and liabilities?

While both assets and liabilities are important financial concepts, there is one key difference between the two: assets represent something of value that a company owns, while liabilities represent something that a company owes. This key difference is important to understand when evaluating a company’s financial position.

Assets are important because they can generate revenue or create value for the company. For example, a company might own a factory that it uses to produce goods. The factory is an asset because it can generate revenue for the company. Liabilities, on the other hand, are important because they represent a financial obligation that a company must pay. For example, a company might have a loan from a bank. The loan is a liability because the company must make payments to the bank.

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Meta Platforms Inc. Upgraded to BUY Despite Higher CAPEX Concerns, US$795 Target Price

Published on May 13, 2026 69

Strong Q1 Performance Drives Rating Upgrade Meta Platforms Inc. has been upgraded to a BUY rating by Phillip Securities Research, despite concerns over increased capital expenditure guidance. The social media giant delivered robust first-quarter results with revenue climbing 33% year-on-year to US$56.3 billion, whilst adjusted profit after tax and minority interests rose 13% to US$18.7 billion. However, the target price has been reduced to US$795 from the previous US$825 due to higher expenses and margin compression expectations. Meta operates as a leading social media and technology company, connecting billions of users globally through its Family of Apps ecosystem including Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and Messenger. The company also invests heavily in virtual and augmented reality through its Reality Labs division. The Positives: Resilient Advertising Performance Meta demonstrated exceptional advertising strength in the first quarter, with ad revenue reaching US$55 billion, representing a 33% year-on-year increase compared to 16% growth in the previous corresponding quarter. This robust performance was underpinned by higher engagement and improved monetisation across the company's platforms. The standout driver was the integration of Muse Spark, Meta's newly launched natively multimodal reasoning model developed by Meta Superintelligent Lab. This AI enhancement significantly improved content personalisation and recommendation capabilities across all platforms. Following deployment, Instagram Reels time spent increased 10% year-on-year, whilst Facebook video time spent rose over 8%, marking the strongest quarter-on-quarter engagement improvement in four years. The monetisation metrics were equally impressive, with ad impressions increasing 19% year-on-year compared to 5% previously, and average price per ad rising 12% year-on-year. Given Muse Spark's strong early traction and scalability potential across WhatsApp, Instagram, and Messenger, analysts maintain their advertising forecasts and expect 30% year-on-year revenue growth for the full year. The Negatives: Reality Labs Losses Continue Meta's Reality Labs segment remains a significant drag on profitability, continuing to generate substantial losses despite some improvement. Operating losses narrowed approximately 4% year-on-year to US$4.2 billion, compared to 9.5% growth in losses previously. Segment revenue declined 2% year-on-year to US$885 million, primarily attributed to lower Quest headset sales. However, AI glasses showed promising growth with daily users expanding threefold year-on-year. The company also revised its capital expenditure guidance upward by approximately 8%, establishing a new range of US$125-145 billion compared to the previous US$115-135 billion. Management attributed this increase to robust compute demand for scaling AI infrastructure, despite aggressive capacity ramping efforts. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. 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Singapore Construction Sector Poised for Growth Despite Margin Pressures, Government Support Offsets Cost Headwinds

Published on May 13, 2026 35

Strong Government Pipeline Drives Sector Optimism Singapore's construction sector presents a compelling investment opportunity despite recent margin pressures from Middle East conflict-related cost inflation. Construction-related companies have delivered solid returns, rising an average of 7% over the three months to May 2026, though moderating from the previous quarter's 26% gain. Phillip Securities Research maintains an OVERWEIGHT rating on construction-related companies, citing strong government project visibility and sector resilience. Infrastructure Challenges Mitigated by Government Intervention The sector faces headwinds from the Iran war's impact on fuel costs, with diesel prices surging 104% year-on-year to a record S$4.6 per litre in April 2026 following the closure of the Straits of Hormuz. Infrastructure companies bore the brunt of these pressures, declining 3% over the quarter as investors worried about margin compression from elevated diesel and bitumen prices. However, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) announced crucial support measures in April 2026, committing to cover 50% of direct additional costs from diesel and bitumen usage between March and May 2026. This intervention particularly benefits contractors involved in earthworks, foundation and piling works, and roadworks—segments most exposed to diesel-powered equipment costs. Robust Project Pipeline Supports Medium-Term Growth The sector's medium-term outlook remains strong, underpinned by substantial government project commitments. The BCA has guided S$50bn in contract awards for 2026, representing a 61% premium to the historical 20-year average. Major project tenders for the remainder of 2026 include the Changi Airport Terminal 5 development, Tuas Port Phase 3 expansion, and the new Tengah General and Community Hospital, each valued at over S$2bn. Looking ahead, construction demand is projected at S$39-46bn annually from 2027-2030, maintaining a 37% premium to the historical average of S$31bn yearly. Key upcoming projects include the Cross Island MRT Line Phase 3 expansion, Integrated Waste Management Facility Phase 2, Greater Sentosa Master Plan infrastructure works, and Woodlands Checkpoint redevelopment Phase 3. The sector benefits from Singapore's relative insulation from Middle East conflicts, with labour and raw material supplies remaining available. Companies with higher exposure to public sector contracts are particularly well-positioned to capitalise on the government's substantial infrastructure investment programme. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. 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Sheng Siong Group Delivers Strong Growth with Market Share Gains, Target Price Raised to S$3.16

Published on May 13, 2026 19

Company Overview Sheng Siong Group Ltd operates as one of Singapore's leading supermarket chains, focusing on providing affordable groceries and household essentials to local consumers. The company has built its market position through strategic store expansion and competitive pricing strategies across the island nation. Strong Quarter Performance Sheng Siong delivered robust first quarter FY26 results, with revenue and profit after tax and minority interests (PATMI) reaching 26% and 25% respectively of full-year forecasts. PATMI grew 12% year-on-year to S$43 million, driven by margin expansion of 0.7 percentage points and revenue growth of 12.4% to S$452.8 million. This marked the third consecutive quarter of low teens revenue growth, representing the fastest pace in almost five years since the pandemic period. Expansion Strategy and Market Share Capture The company's growth momentum stems from both new store additions and improved same-store sales performance. Revenue growth of 12.4% was supported by new stores contributing 9.3% and same-store sales adding 3.5%. The significant improvement in same-store sales from just 0.4% in 1Q25 was attributed to six stores opened in FY24 migrating to the same-store category, along with an extended promotional period between Christmas and Lunar New Year. Sheng Siong's store footprint expanded 13% year-on-year to 760,000 square feet, though remained unchanged quarter-on-quarter. The company has secured four new HDB stores totalling 39,000 square feet for FY26, with another 25,000 square feet pending approval, excluding potential private real estate transactions. Key Challenges and Outlook Despite the positive momentum, employee costs continue to limit operating leverage. The competitive labour environment and progressive wage model in Singapore's retail sector maintain upward pressure on staff costs, constraining margin expansion opportunities. Additionally, rising fuel and other costs due to Middle East conflicts are expected to dampen margins in the second half of FY26. Research Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains its ACCUMULATE recommendation whilst raising the target price to S$3.16 from S$2.82, representing 28x PE FY26 - levels last seen during the pandemic. The firm believes Sheng Siong continues capturing market share by taking over competitor stores, though expansion benefits will be partially offset by an estimated two store closures impacting revenue by 3%. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. 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In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. 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Microsoft Corp Downgraded to ACCUMULATE as CAPEX Surge Weighs on Valuation Despite Strong AI Growth

Published on May 13, 2026 8

Company Overview Microsoft Corporation is a leading technology company operating through three primary segments: Productivity and Business Processes, Intelligent Cloud, and More Personal Computing. The company provides cloud computing services through Azure, productivity software via Microsoft 365, and various consumer and enterprise technology solutions. Financial Performance and Outlook Microsoft delivered solid third-quarter results with revenue meeting expectations whilst profit after tax and minority interests exceeded forecasts. The company achieved 18% year-on-year revenue growth, primarily driven by Azure cloud revenue expansion of 40%. For the nine-month period, revenue and PATMI reached 76% and 81% of full-year forecasts respectively. The company expects FY26 group revenue to grow 16.7%, with Azure anticipated to expand 29% supported by accelerated data centre capacity deployment. The AI business has demonstrated remarkable momentum, with AI tools exceeding a US$37 billion annual run-rate, representing 123% year-on-year growth. Key Growth Drivers Productivity Segment Strength The Productivity and Business Processes segment demonstrated robust performance, climbing 17% to US$35 billion. This growth was underpinned by 19% year-on-year expansion in Microsoft 365 Commercial Cloud revenue, with average revenue per user increasing through uptake of premium offerings including Microsoft 365 Copilot and E5 enterprise subscriptions. Paid Copilot seats surpassed 20 million, representing 5% of total paid M365 commercial seats that grew 6% year-on-year. Azure Cloud Acceleration Intelligent Cloud revenue surged 30% year-on-year to US$34.6 billion, with Azure's 40% growth benefiting from the early deployment of Fairwater data centre capacity in Wisconsin. Microsoft cloud revenue across all cloud-delivered services rose 29% to US$54.5 billion, driven by strong demand for Azure and first-party AI services. Revised Investment Stance Phillip Securities Research has downgraded Microsoft from BUY to ACCUMULATE, lowering the target price to US$485 from US$540. This revision reflects increased capital expenditure requirements of US$40 billion, bringing total CAPEX to US$190 billion due to higher component costs, AI infrastructure investments, and growing AI product usage. Despite this, revenue forecasts have been raised by 3% and 5% for FY26 and FY27 respectively, with PATMI projections increased by 9% and 17%. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

DBS Group Holdings Delivers Strong Q1 Performance with Record Wealth Management Fees, ACCUMULATE Rating and S$61 Target Price

Published on May 13, 2026 4

Company Overview DBS Group Holdings Ltd is Singapore's leading banking institution, operating across multiple business segments including wealth management, treasury services, and commercial banking. The bank has established itself as a prominent player in the Asian financial services sector with a strong focus on wealth management and diversified fee income streams. Strong Q1 Results Drive Upgraded Guidance DBS reported first quarter earnings of S$2.9 billion, which aligned with analyst estimates and represented 26% of the full-year forecast. The bank increased its quarterly dividend per share by 8% year-on-year to 81 cents, comprising 66 cents ordinary dividend and 15 cents capital return dividend. Management has subtly upgraded its full-year guidance, with total income now expected around 2025 levels despite assuming no further US rate cuts and a lower SORA assumption of 1%. Record Non-Interest Income Performance The standout performance came from the bank's fee income, which surged 16% year-on-year driven by record wealth management fees of S$907 million, marking a 25% year-on-year increase. This growth was supported by higher investment product sales and bancassurance activities. The wealth segment's assets under management reached a record S$492 billion, growing 17% year-on-year with net new money inflows of S$10 billion. Importantly, bancassurance represents approximately 20% of wealth fees and provides counter-cyclical diversification to investment-linked fees, offering structural stability. Transaction services fees of S$257 million and treasury customer sales of S$592 million also achieved record highs. Cash equities scaled significantly with 77% year-on-year growth, whilst institutional equities expanded 36% year-on-year. Asset Quality Improvements Asset quality showed meaningful improvement with total allowances falling 42% year-on-year to S$190 million. General provision charges declined 84% year-on-year to S$33 million as macro-overlay requirements moderated. The NPL ratio improved to 1.0% from 1.1% in the previous year, supported by low new non-performing asset formation and offset by repayments and write-offs. Allowance coverage remained robust at 131%, or 200% with collateral. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains an ACCUMULATE rating with a raised target price of S$61.00, up from the previous S$60.00. The upgrade reflects a 1% increase in earnings estimates driven by higher wealth management projections, with analysts expecting non-interest income to remain the primary growth driver going forward. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Apple Inc. Delivers Strong Q2 Results Despite Memory Cost Headwinds, Maintains NEUTRAL Rating with $280 Target

Published on May 13, 2026 5

Company Overview Apple Inc. is a leading technology company renowned for its consumer electronics, software, and digital services ecosystem. The company's primary revenue drivers include the iPhone, Mac computers, and its growing Services segment, with operations spanning global markets including the Americas and China. Exceptional Q2 Performance Exceeds Expectations Apple delivered outstanding second quarter results that significantly surpassed analyst forecasts. Revenue surged 16.6% year-on-year, marking the company's fastest growth rate in four years. This robust performance was primarily fuelled by exceptional iPhone sales, which jumped 22% year-on-year, alongside remarkable strength in the China market where revenue expanded 28% year-on-year. The quarterly results represented 55% of full-year revenue forecasts and 56% of projected profit after tax and minority interests. Strong Product Momentum Continues The company is experiencing robust demand for its flagship products, with both iPhone 17 and MacBook sales demonstrating exceptional momentum. Current demand is outstripping supply capabilities, creating supply constraints across key product lines. The iPhone faces limitations due to tight advanced-node 3nm-class system-on-chip capacity, though these constraints are expected to ease in the third quarter. MacBook constraints, driven by the attractive pricing of the MacBook Neo and its success in attracting new users, are anticipated to persist for several months. Revenue Growth Guidance Remains Optimistic Management has provided encouraging guidance for the third quarter, projecting revenue growth of 14-17% year-on-year. This outlook is supported by continued strength in iPhone and MacBook sales, underpinned by a robust iPhone 17 upgrade cycle featuring high customer satisfaction, innovative features, and Apple Intelligence integration. Rising Memory Costs Present Challenges Despite the strong performance, Apple faces headwinds from escalating memory costs, which are expected to intensify in coming quarters. This presents a longer-term margin pressure that could impact profitability going forward. Shareholder Returns Reinforce Capital Discipline Apple announced significant shareholder returns, including an additional $100 billion share repurchase authorisation and a 4% dividend increase. These measures demonstrate management's confidence in cash flow durability whilst maintaining disciplined capital allocation between AI investments and consistent shareholder returns. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains a NEUTRAL recommendation on Apple, raising the DCF target price to $280 from the previous $260. The firm increased revenue and profit forecasts by 2% and 1% respectively to reflect stronger iPhone 17 performance, whilst maintaining WACC at 6.5% and terminal growth at 3.5%. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Amazon.com Inc. Maintains Growth Momentum with Custom Silicon Advantage, Target Price US$280

Published on May 13, 2026 5

Amazon.com Inc. continues to demonstrate strong operational performance, driven primarily by accelerating growth in its cloud computing division and emerging advantages in custom silicon technology. The company operates as a diversified technology conglomerate, with core businesses spanning cloud services through Amazon Web Services (AWS), e-commerce retail operations, and digital advertising platforms. Strong AWS Performance Drives Revenue Growth Amazon's first quarter 2026 results showed revenue performance in line with expectations, representing 23% of full-year forecasts. The standout performer was AWS, which delivered exceptional growth of 28% year-over-year, marking the fastest expansion in 15 quarters. This acceleration reflects robust demand for both traditional cloud migration services and expanding artificial intelligence workloads, including model training, inference, and agentic applications. The company's Bedrock platform has gained significant traction, with customer spend growing 170% quarter-over-quarter, demonstrating strong market adoption. AWS maintains substantial demand visibility with a backlog of US$364 billion, representing 93% year-over-year growth excluding the Anthropic deal. Management has reaffirmed its commitment to continued heavy capital expenditure investment, expressing high confidence in monetisation given that substantial capacity is already secured by customer commitments. Custom Silicon Emerges as Competitive Differentiator Amazon's in-house chip business has become a significant structural advantage, with growth of 40% quarter-over-quarter positioning it among the top three data centre chip businesses globally. The company's Trainium chips deliver 30-40% superior price performance compared to alternatives and are already largely sold out across current and next-generation capacity, with strong multi-year commitments from major AI laboratories. Management highlighted that custom silicon could generate tens of billions in annual capital expenditure savings whilst providing several hundred basis points of margin advantage. This vertical integration strengthens AWS's cost structure and pricing power, particularly as AI workloads continue scaling. Retail Operations Show Improved Efficiency The retail division continues demonstrating operational leverage, with unit growth of 15% year-over-year outpacing cost increases in outbound shipping (12% growth) and fulfilment expenses (9% growth). Perishable sales have scaled dramatically, growing over 40 times year-over-year, establishing Amazon as the second-largest grocer in the United States. Customers order nearly three times more items and spend over 80% more, reinforcing larger basket sizes and supporting both customer experience and operating leverage. Investment Recommendation Phillip Securities Research has downgraded its recommendation from BUY to ACCUMULATE due to recent stock price movements, whilst maintaining an unchanged target price of US$280. The firm believes Amazon is well-positioned in artificial intelligence, leveraging full-stack capabilities including custom chips, strategic partnerships with OpenAI and Anthropic, and unique datasets to drive ecosystem stickiness and capture long-term growth opportunities. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

Alphabet Inc. Delivers Strong Q1 Performance on AI Integration, Upgraded to US$450 Target Price with ACCUMULATE Rating

Published on May 13, 2026 10

Company Overview Alphabet Inc., the parent company of Google, operates as a leading technology conglomerate with core businesses spanning search advertising, cloud computing, and digital services. The company's integrated AI ecosystem includes custom silicon, optimised data centres, and advanced Gemini models, positioning it as a dominant player in the artificial intelligence revolution. Strong Revenue Growth Despite Earnings Decline Alphabet reported Q1 2026 earnings that fell below expectations, with revenue surging 22% year-on-year to US$109.9 billion, driven by robust advertising and cloud performance. However, adjusted profit after tax and minority interests declined 28% year-on-year to US$24.9 billion due to substantial AI spending investments. The Q1 2026 revenue and PATMI represented 23% and 16% of full-year forecasts respectively. Key Performance Drivers Search and Advertising Excellence Search advertising revenue demonstrated remarkable resilience, growing 19% year-on-year to US$60.4 billion, compared to 10% growth in Q1 2025. This acceleration was led by strong performance in retail and finance verticals. The integration of Gemini 3 models into search infrastructure has significantly enhanced user engagement, with queries reaching all-time highs due to AI Overviews and AI mode experiences. YouTube advertising revenue also increased 11% year-on-year to US$9.9 billion, driven by strong momentum in its “Living Room” experience and YouTube Shorts monetisation. Cloud Segment Momentum Google Cloud delivered exceptional performance, accelerating 63% year-on-year in Q1 2026 to US$20 billion, compared to 28% growth in the previous year. Operating income grew threefold to US$6.6 billion, primarily driven by robust demand for Enterprise AI solutions. The segment benefited from accelerating customer acquisition, with the client base doubling compared to Q1 2025, and strong deal momentum, with US$100 million to US$1 billion deals doubling during the quarter. Operating Efficiency Gains Despite heavy AI investments, Alphabet achieved strong operating leverage with margins increasing 220 basis points to 36.1%. Google Services margin expanded 300 basis points to 45.3%, whilst Cloud margins rose significantly to 32.8% from 17.8% in the previous year. Research Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintained an ACCUMULATE rating and raised the DCF target price to US$450 from US$395, driven by Alphabet's differentiated full-stack AI capabilities and stronger-than-expected momentum from its vertically integrated AI ecosystem. Frequently Asked Questions [market_journal_faq] This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst. Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

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