Book-Entry Security 

The world of investments has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent decades. Among the many changes, one of the most significant is the shift from physical certificates to digital ownership of securities. Book-entry securities have played a pivotal role in this evolution, providing a modern, secure, and efficient investment management method. This detailed article delves into every aspect of book-entry securities, explaining their workings, types, advantages, and role in the investment world. 

What are Book-Entry Securities? 

Book-entry securities are investment instruments that exist entirely in digital form, with ownership tracked and recorded electronically. They eliminate the need for physical certificates and rely on centralised systems to manage and transfer ownership. 

In simpler terms, when you invest in a book-entry security, your ownership is reflected as an electronic entry in the records of a depository or financial institution. 

Key Features 

  • Paperless System: No physical certificates are issued, reducing risks associated with loss or damage. 
  • Electronic Record-Keeping: Ownership details are stored in a secure digital format. 
  • Efficient Transfers: Ownership transfers occur electronically, ensuring speed and accuracy. 
  • Secure and Centralised: Maintained by central securities depositories or authorised registries. 

Understanding Book-Entry Securities 

Book-entry securities are integral to the modern financial system, streamlining investment processes and improving security. 

Historical Context 

Before book-entry systems, securities were represented by physical certificates. Investors faced challenges such as certificate loss, forgery, and delays in ownership transfers. The introduction of electronic systems addressed these inefficiencies, giving rise to book-entry securities. 

How It Works 

  • Electronic Registration: When an investor buys a security, the ownership details are recorded electronically in their brokerage or depository account. 
  • No Physical Movement: Unlike physical securities, book-entry securities do not require physical exchange for ownership transfers. 
  • Central Depositories: Institutions like the Depository Trust Company (DTC) in the US or the Central Depository (Pte) Ltd in Singapore manage the records. 

Types of Book-Entry Securities 

Book-entry securities cover a wide range of financial instruments, offering options that cater to diverse investment goals. These securities are classified based on their nature and the issuing entities. Below is a detailed breakdown of the different types of book-entry securities and their significance: 

  1. Government Securities

Government securities are debt instruments issued by governments to raise funds for public expenditures. Due to their backing by sovereign entities, these securities are widely regarded as low-risk investments. They are available in book-entry form for easy access and management. 

Examples of Government Securities 

US Treasury Securities 

  • Treasury Bills, or T-Bills, are short-term financial instruments with maturities varying from a few days to a year. 
  • Treasury Notes (T-Notes): Medium-term securities with maturities of 2, 3, 5, 7, or 10 years. 
  • Treasury Bonds (T-Bonds): Long-term bonds with maturities of 20 or 30 years. 

Platform Used: In the US, these securities are managed digitally through the TreasuryDirect platform. Investors can buy, hold, and redeem these securities electronically without intermediaries. 

Singapore Government Bonds 

  • The Singapore government electronically offers bonds, such as Singapore Government Securities (SGS). 

Platform Used: These bonds are managed via the Central Depository (CDP) system, where investors can buy and hold securities digitally. 

  1. Corporate Securities

Companies issue corporate securities to raise funds for their operations, expansion, or other business needs. They are an essential component of the financial market and are available in book-entry form for enhanced convenience. 

Examples of Corporate Securities 

Stocks 

  • Represent partial ownership in a company. 
  • Stocks are issued in book-entry form, allowing investors to trade them electronically. 

Example: If an investor buys shares of a US-based technology company using an online brokerage, they are instantly recorded in their account. 

Corporate Bonds 

  • These are debt instruments issued by corporations to raise capital. 
  • These bonds can be purchased and managed digitally in book-entry form, eliminating the need for physical certificates. 
  1. Mutual Funds and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs)

These pooled investment vehicles are increasingly popular among retail and institutional investors. They combine diversification with professional management, making them attractive options for novice and experienced investors. 

Mutual Funds 

  • Mutual funds pool resources from multiple investors and are managed by professional fund managers. 
  • In book-entry form, mutual fund shares are recorded digitally, simplifying ownership and management. 

Example: A mutual fund investing in a diversified portfolio of US stocks can be easily tracked through an investor’s online account. 

Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) 

  • Although they are traded on stock exchanges like individual equities, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are comparable to mutual funds. 
  • Book-entry systems allow instant buying and selling of ETFs without physical certificates. 

Example: An investor can purchase shares of an ETF tracking the S&P 500 index through their brokerage account, with the shares immediately recorded electronically. 

  1. Digital Securities

Digital securities are an emerging category that leverages blockchain technology to enhance financial transactions’ security, transparency, and efficiency. These securities represent a natural evolution of the book-entry system. 

Examples of Digital Securities 

  • Security Tokens: Digital tokens that signify ownership of securities like bonds, stocks, or real estate. 
  • Blockchain-Based Bonds: Bonds issued and managed using distributed ledger technology, ensuring transparency and security. 

Working of Book-Entry Securities 

The operational framework of book-entry securities revolves around technology and centralisation, ensuring that transactions are secure, efficient, and transparent. Below is a detailed explanation of how book-entry securities work: 

Step-by-Step Process 

  1. Purchase: An investor purchases securities through a broker, financial institution, or government platform.
  • Example: If an investor buys US$ 5,000 worth of shares in a US company through an online brokerage, the purchase is recorded electronically. 
  1. Recording: The ownership details are immediately recorded in the investor’s account, eliminating the need for physical certificates as proof of ownership.
  2. Depository Management: Central securities depositories, such as the Depository Trust Company (DTC) in the US or the Central Depository (CDP) in Singapore, maintain the securities. These depositories ensure secure storage and facilitate seamless transfers.
  3. Ownership Transfers: Ownership details are updated electronically in real-time when securities are sold.
  • Example: If the investor decides to sell their shares, the transaction is completed instantly, and the new owner’s details are recorded in the depository. 
  1. Financial Transactions: Dividends, interest payments, or redemptions are processed electronically. Funds are credited directly to the investor’s linked bank account, ensuring speed and reliability.

Examples of Book-Entry Securities 

Example 1: US Treasury Bonds 

The US Department of the Treasury manages government securities through the TreasuryDirect platform. Here’s how the process works: 

  • An investor creates an account on TreasuryDirect. 
  • They purchase bonds, such as a 10-year Treasury note. 
  • Ownership is recorded electronically, with no need for a physical certificate. 
  • Interest payments are deposited directly into the investor’s bank account. 

This system ensures efficiency, transparency, and security for investors. 

Example 2: Singapore Government Bonds 

In Singapore, government bonds are issued through the Central Depository (CDP). The process includes: 

  • Investors purchasing bonds through authorised platforms or brokers. 
  • Ownership being recorded digitally in the CDP system. 
  • Payments such as interest or maturity proceeds being credited directly to the investor’s bank account. 

This streamlined approach eliminates the hassle of physical paperwork while providing robust security measures. 

Example 3: Stock Trading 

An investor uses an online brokerage to purchase 50 shares of a global technology company. Here’s what happens: 

  • The shares are immediately registered electronically in the investor’s brokerage account. 
  • The investor can track their portfolio in real-time, trade the shares, or hold them without worrying about losing physical certificates. 
  • Dividends, if declared by the company, are automatically credited to the investor’s account. 

This system highlights the convenience and efficiency of book-entry securities for stock trading. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Book-entry securities offer several benefits: 

  • Security: Minimise risk of theft, loss, or forgery. 
  • Efficiency: Faster transactions and lower administrative costs. 
  • Convenience: Investors can easily trade, transfer, or manage their holdings. 
  • Eco-Friendly: Eliminates the need for paper, reducing environmental impact.

 

Aspect Book-Entry Securities Physical Securities 
Form Electronic Physical Certificates 
Security Highly Secure Prone to Loss or Damage 
Transaction Speed Instantaneous Time-Consuming 
Costs Minimal High Storage/Handling Costs 
Convenience High Low 

 

Depositories act as custodians, ensuring secure management of securities. Their functions include: 

  • Maintaining electronic records of ownership. 
  • Facilitating seamless ownership transfers. 
  • Providing settlement and clearing services. 
  • Ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. 

The future is likely to witness significant technological advancements: 

  • Blockchain: Increasing transaction security and transparency. 
  • Digital Securities: Expanding to cover a broader range of assets. 
  • Global Integration: Simplifying cross-border investments through unified platforms. 

Book-entry systems simplify mutual fund and ETF transactions by: 

  • Ensuring instant ownership recording. 
  • Enabling seamless buying, selling, and portfolio rebalancing. 
  • Providing efficient dividend reinvestment options. 

Related Terms

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    Keppel DC REIT Posts Record-High DPU Performance

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 22 

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Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation and target price? A: Phillip Securities Research upgraded the REIT from NEUTRAL to ACCUMULATE with a target price of S$2.37, down from the previous S$2.40. Q: What is the current occupancy rate and leverage position? A: Portfolio occupancy remained stable at 95.8% quarter-over-quarter, while aggregate leverage stands at 35.3%, providing S$530 million of debt headroom against the internal cap of 40%. Q: How did portfolio valuations perform across different markets? A: Portfolio valuations rose 25.6% year-over-year including acquisitions and 3.7% on a same-store basis, led by Singapore (+6%) and Ireland (+13%), offsetting declines in Australia (-3.5%), China (-16%), and the UK (-7%). Q: What are the key catalysts for future performance? A: Key catalysts include the potential recovery of over S$50 million in overdue rent from Bluesea, the granting of tax transparency for SGP 7 & 8 and continued positive rental reversion momentum from Singapore colocation lease renewals. Q: What is the expected cost of debt outlook? A: The average cost of debt declined to 2.8% in 4Q25 from 2.9% in 3Q25, with FY2025 average at 3%. The FY26e cost of debt is expected to decline further to approximately 2.7%. Q: What is the current dividend yield? A: The stock trades at an FY26e DPU yield of 4.8%. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. 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    Meta Platforms Q4 Performance Strong, Outlook Optimistic Despite Losses

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 10 

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Strong Monetisation Across Video Platforms Video content and Threads demonstrated compelling monetisation and engagement opportunities during the quarter. Instagram Reels watch time surged 30% year-over-year in the United States, while Facebook video watch time grew by double digits. These improvements reflect enhanced recommendation quality and product enhancements across feed and video surfaces. AI-Driven Advertising Performance Meta's advertising segment delivered exceptional performance with ad revenue reaching US$58.1 billion, up 24% year-over-year. The growth was supported by higher user engagement and strong advertiser demand, enhanced by improved ad efficiency through AI integration. Continued model optimisation lifted organic feed and video views by 7%, generating the largest quarterly revenue impact from Facebook product launches in two years. WhatsApp Business Growth The Family of Apps "other" revenue segment grew 54% year-over-year to US$8.1 billion, supported by WhatsApp paid messaging and Meta verified subscriptions. Business messaging maintained strong momentum, with click-to-message ads in the US rising more than 50% year-over-year. Paid messaging reached an annual run-rate exceeding US$2 billion in Q4 2025. Investment Recommendation and Outlook Phillip Securities Research maintains an ACCUMULATE rating while raising the DCF target price to US$825 from the previous US$770. The firm upgraded FY26 revenue and profit forecasts by 7% and 8% respectively, reflecting expected continued benefits from integrating large language models with Meta's recommendation systems to enhance ad efficiency and pricing. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What were Meta's key financial results for Q4 2025? A: Meta reported revenue of US$59.9 billion (up 24% YoY) and adjusted profit of US$22.7 billion (up 9% YoY), with full-year results meeting 100% of revenue forecasts and 110% of profit forecasts. Q: How did video content perform across Meta's platforms? A: Instagram Reels watch time increased 30% year-over-year in the US, while Facebook video watch time grew double digits, supported by improved recommendation quality and product enhancements. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation for Meta stock? A: The firm maintains an ACCUMULATE rating and raised the target price to US$825 from US$770, with upgraded FY26 forecasts reflecting expected AI benefits. Q: How did Reality Labs perform in Q4 2025? A: Reality Labs remained unprofitable with operating losses widening 21% year-over-year to US$6 billion, though revenue declined 12% due to high comparison base from Quest 3S launch. Q: What drove Meta's advertising revenue growth? A: Ad revenue of US$58.1 billion (up 24% YoY) was driven by higher user engagement, strong advertiser demand, and improved ad efficiency through AI integration and model optimisation. Q: How is WhatsApp's business messaging performing? A: WhatsApp business messaging showed strong momentum with click-to-message ads in the US rising over 50% year-over-year, and paid messaging reaching an annual run-rate exceeding US$2 billion. Q: What are Meta's capital expenditure plans for FY26? A: Meta has guided CAPEX to $115-135 billion for FY26 to support core advertising business and Meta Superintelligent Lab expansion, potentially implying 87% year-over-year growth at the high end. Q: What is the outlook for Reality Labs losses? A: Meta expects Reality Labs operating losses to have peaked, with FY26 losses broadly in line with FY25 levels (US$19.2 billion) before gradually narrowing thereafter. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. 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Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. 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    Microsoft Strengthens Position on Azure Growth Despite Supply Constraints

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 10 

    Company Overview Microsoft Corporation stands as one of the world's leading technology companies, operating across multiple segments including cloud services, productivity software, and business applications. The company's core strength lies in its comprehensive ecosystem of commercial cloud services, particularly Azure, alongside its widely adopted Microsoft 365 productivity suite. This diversified portfolio positions Microsoft as a critical infrastructure provider for businesses globally. Strong Quarter Driven by Cloud Excellence Microsoft Corporation delivered impressive second-quarter fiscal 2026 results that met analyst expectations, with revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interests reaching 50% and 51% of full-year forecasts respectively. The technology giant demonstrated robust momentum with 17% year-over-year revenue growth, primarily fueled by exceptional Azure cloud performance that surged 40% compared to the previous year. 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Azure's 40% acceleration drove Intelligent Cloud segment growth of 29% to $32.9 billion, supported by efficiency improvements across Microsoft's server infrastructure. The productivity suite maintains robust demand, with the Productivity and Business Processes segment rising 16% to $34.1 billion, representing 42% of group revenue. Research Recommendation Phillip Securities Research has upgraded Microsoft to BUY from ACCUMULATE, maintaining a DCF target price of $540. The upgrade reflects recent price performance, with the company currently trading at a blended forward price-earnings ratio of 23.9x, below the negative one standard deviation level of 27.2x, suggesting attractive valuation despite strong fundamentals. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What drove Microsoft's strong second-quarter performance? A: Microsoft's 17% year-over-year revenue growth was primarily driven by exceptional Azure cloud performance, which surged 40% compared to the previous year. This strong cloud performance helped adjusted profit after tax and minority interests climb 23% year-over-year to $30.9 billion. Q: What is Microsoft's revenue outlook for the next quarter? A: For the third quarter of fiscal 2026, Microsoft expects revenue to rise 16% year-over-year to $81.2 billion, driven by continued strong growth across commercial businesses, with Azure projected to grow 37%. Q: How significant are Microsoft's commercial remaining performance obligations? A: Commercial remaining performance obligations rose dramatically by 110% year-over-year to $625 billion and are expected to be recognized over the next 2.5 years. This includes major commitments from OpenAI ($250 billion multi-year Azure commitment) and Anthropic ($30 billion). Q: What is the current research recommendation for Microsoft? A: Phillip Securities Research upgraded Microsoft to BUY from ACCUMULATE with an unchanged DCF target price of $540, citing recent price performance and attractive valuation. Q: How is Microsoft's productivity software performing? A: The Productivity and Business Processes segment rose 16% to $34.1 billion, representing 42% of group revenue. M365 Commercial Cloud revenue increased 17% year-over-year, supported by higher adoption and revenue per user growth from M365 Copilot and E5. Q: What challenges is Microsoft facing with Azure? A: Microsoft continues to face supply constraints in Azure, with management noting that demand still exceeds available capacity. The company is prioritizing supply allocation to manage this challenge while maintaining strong growth momentum. Q: How does Microsoft's current valuation compare to historical levels? A: Microsoft is currently valued at a blended forward price-earnings ratio of 23.9x, which is below the negative one standard deviation level of 27.2x, suggesting the stock is attractively valued relative to historical standards. Q: What contributed to Azure's strong performance? A: Azure's 40% year-over-year growth was supported by efficiency improvements across Microsoft's flexible server fleet, which allowed additional computing capacity to be allocated to Azure services, helping meet strong demand across various workloads. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. 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The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. 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    Singapore Equities Hit New Highs in Record Nine-Month Rally

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 11 

    Market Performance Highlights Singapore equities demonstrated exceptional momentum in January 2026, rising 5.6% to cap a remarkable nine consecutive months of gains totalling 28%. This historic performance streak reflects the robust underlying economic conditions and favourable market dynamics driving the city-state's equity markets to new heights. Property companies emerged as the primary drivers of this advance, benefiting from attractive valuations and growing optimism surrounding new property launches. The sector's strength stems from favourable interest rate conditions and a reduced risk of government cooling measures, creating an environment conducive to real estate investment and development. Economic Foundation and Growth Drivers Singapore's economic conditions remain vibrant, with industrial production surging 19% year-over-year in the fourth quarter of 2025. This growth is underpinned by strong electronics demand, with the sector experiencing a 24.5% jump that represents the best performance in 32 quarters since the third quarter of 2017. A major capital spending cycle is currently underway across multiple sectors. Semiconductor equipment spending is trending upward following TSMC's guidance indicating significantly higher capital expenditure over the next three years. The company's 2026 capital expenditure guidance jumped 31% year-over-year to US$54 billion, providing substantial momentum for equipment manufacturers especially Frencken. The construction sector is positioned for another record year in 2026, driven by massive Terminal 5 contracts and other major infrastructure projects. This construction boom will benefit the entire supply chain, including contractors, building materials suppliers, and related property services such as dormitories and co-living facilities. 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A: Singapore equities rose 5.6% in January, led by property companies benefiting from attractive valuations, optimism about new launches, favourable interest rates, and reduced risk of cooling measures. Q: How significant was the nine-month rally mentioned in the report? A: The nine consecutive months of gains totalled 28%, representing a record streak that demonstrates exceptional market momentum and investor confidence. Q: What sectors are expected to benefit from the construction boom? A: The construction boom will benefit contractors, building materials suppliers, and related property services including dormitories and co-living facilities, all supported by massive Terminal 5 contracts and other major projects. Q: How does current market valuation compare to historical averages? A: Singapore equities trade at 16x forward PE compared to the 25-year historical average of 15x, with potential to reach 19x (1SD valuation) implying a target index of 5,700. Q: What is driving the semiconductor equipment spending cycle? A: TSMC's guidance of significantly higher capital expenditure over three years, with 2026 guidance jumping 31% to US$54 billion, is driving increased semiconductor equipment spending and benefiting the entire supply chain. Q: Which sectors underperformed during the January rally? A: Shipyards retreated due to soft container rates and litigation concerns, while REITs underperformed with only modest gains compared to other sectors. Q: What economic indicators support the positive outlook for Singapore? A: Industrial production surged 19% year-over-year in Q4 2025, loan growth rose 6.1% supported by consumer loans of 7.2%, and new home sales surged 65% in 2025 to 10,951 units. Q: What is the target price expectation for Singapore equities? A: Phillip Securities Research believes the market could reach a target index level of 5,700, representing approximately 15% upside potential based on reaching the 1SD valuation of 19x forward PE. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

    OUE REIT Posts Strong Performance as Prime CBD Assets Drive Growth

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 12 

    Company Overview OUE REIT is a Singapore-listed real estate investment trust that owns and manages a portfolio of prime commercial properties, primarily focused on Grade A office buildings in Singapore's Central Business District and other key markets including Australia. The REIT has established itself as a quality operator of premium commercial assets with strong tenant relationships and strategic positioning in prime locations. Strong Financial Performance Drives Outperformance OUE REIT delivered impressive results with 2H25/FY25 distribution per unit (DPU) of 1.25/2.23 Singapore cents, representing growth of 10.6%/8.3% year-on-year and significantly beating expectations at 62.5%/111.5% of FY25 forecasts. This outperformance was primarily driven by a substantial 21% year-on-year decline in FY25 finance costs, enhanced operational performance in the commercial segment, and a remarkable 49.3% year-on-year increase in joint venture contributions. Commercial Segment Demonstrates Resilience The commercial segment showed robust fundamentals with like-for-like revenue and net property income growing 3.9% and 5.4% year-on-year to S$173 million and S$130 million respectively in FY25, excluding Lippo Plaza Shanghai. The office portfolio maintained exceptional occupancy at 95.4% with positive rental reversions of 9.1%, clearly indicating a flight-to-quality trend favouring prime CBD assets. This strong performance extended to OUE REIT's joint venture operations, with OUE Bayfront earnings surging 49.3% year-on-year to S$14.5 million in FY25. Investment Recommendation and Strategic Outlook Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with an upgraded target price of S$0.45, increased from the previous S$0.40, reflecting improved risk profile following the Lippo Plaza Shanghai divestment and warranting a lower cost of equity of 6.3%. At FY26 expected dividend yield of 6.2% and price-to-NAV of 0.64x, the valuation remains compelling. As OUE REIT embarks on its Phase 3 Value Creation Journey, management is expected to focus on strategic asset recycling to redeploy capital from mature assets into similar risk-adjusted properties with higher yields. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What drove OUE REIT's strong FY25 performance? A: The outperformance was driven by a 21% year-on-year decline in finance costs, stronger operational performance in the commercial segment, and a 49.3% year-on-year increase in joint venture contributions. Q: How did the commercial segment perform in FY25? A: The commercial segment achieved like-for-like revenue and net property income growth of 3.9% and 5.4% year-on-year to S$173 million and S$130 million respectively, with office portfolio occupancy at 95.4% and positive rental reversions of 9.1%. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation and target price? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a BUY recommendation with a target price of S$0.45, upgraded from the previous S$0.40, based on dividend discount model valuation. Q: What factors support the upgraded target price? A: The upgrade reflects the lower risk profile of the current portfolio following the Lippo Plaza Shanghai divestment, warranting a reduced cost of equity from 6.8% to 6.3%. Q: How significant was the cost of debt reduction? A: The cost of debt fell by 80 basis points year-on-year to 3.9% from 4.7%, cutting FY25 finance costs by 17.6% to S$87.8 million, with OUE REIT benefiting from higher fixed rate debt exposure during SORA decline. Q: What is OUE REIT's strategic focus going forward? A: As part of Phase 3 Value Creation Journey, OUE REIT will focus on asset recycling to redeploy capital from mature assets into similar risk-adjusted assets with higher yields. Q: What opportunity does the Salesforce Tower acquisition present? A: The partial 20% stake in Sydney Salesforce Tower offers exposure to a prime Circular Quay location with 95%+ Grade A occupancy, limited office supply in 2026, and potential reversion upside from below-market rents with strong tenant stability. Q: What are the key rental reversion opportunities? A: Singapore office portfolio passing rent of S$10.97 per square foot sits 11% below S$12.30 market rate, with significant reversion potential from major leases like Deloitte's 150,000 square feet expiring in 2026. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

    Tesla Faces Delivery Challenges as EV Tax Credits Are Removed

    Published on Feb 9, 2026

    Strong Financial Performance Despite Volume Decline Tesla Inc. delivered mixed results in Q4 2025, with financial metrics exceeding expectations despite significant operational headwinds. The electric vehicle manufacturer reported full-year 2025 revenue and adjusted profit after tax and minority interest (PATMI) at 109% and 111% of forecasts respectively, driven primarily by higher-than-expected automotive gross margins. However, adjusted PATMI excluding stock-based compensation declined 16% due to reduced vehicle deliveries, lower regulatory credit revenue, and increased operating expenses from artificial intelligence and research and development projects. Record Delivery Decline Impacts Core Business Tesla's automotive segment faced unprecedented challenges in Q4 2025, with deliveries falling to 418,000 units, representing a 16% year-over-year decline—the company's largest quarterly drop on record. This decline stemmed directly from the removal of the US$7,500 electric vehicle tax credit, which led to higher vehicle prices and reduced consumer demand. Despite the volume decline, gross margins improved significantly by 3.8 percentage points year-over-year and 2.1 percentage points quarter-over-quarter, while average selling prices rose 6% year-over-year as the company maintained pricing power following the tax credit removal. Non-Automotive Segments Show Promise Tesla's diversification efforts demonstrated positive momentum, with non-automotive revenue growing 22% year-over-year and comprising 29% of total revenue, up from 23% in Q4 2024. Services revenue increased 18% year-over-year, supported by expanding Supercharging network operations that added over 3,800 new stalls, growing the network by 19% annually. Energy generation and storage revenue surged 25% year-over-year, driven by record Megapack deployments, with plans to begin Megapack 3 and Megablock production at the Houston Mega factory in 2026. Investment Outlook and Recommendation Phillip Securities Research maintains a SELL recommendation with a reduced DCF target price of US$215, down from US$220 previously. The firm lowered FY26 earnings estimates by approximately 29% due to expected continued automotive delivery declines and increased operating expenses. Key concerns include ongoing headwinds from tariffs, loss of tax credits, declining market share in China where Tesla's share dropped to 5.7% from 7.2% year-over-year, and the distant timeline for significant revenue contribution from autonomous driving, robotaxi, and robotics initiatives. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What was Tesla's financial performance in Q4 2025? A: Tesla's Q4 2025 results exceeded expectations, with full-year revenue and adjusted PATMI reaching 109% and 111% of forecasts respectively, driven by higher automotive gross margins. However, adjusted PATMI excluding stock-based compensation fell 16% due to delivery declines and higher operating expenses. Q: How did vehicle deliveries perform in Q4 2025? A: Tesla delivered 418,000 vehicles in Q4 2025, marking a 16% year-over-year decline—the company's largest quarterly drop on record. This decline resulted from reduced demand following the removal of the US$7,500 EV tax credit. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation for Tesla? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains a SELL recommendation with a DCF target price of US$215, reduced from US$220 previously, citing multiple headwinds and steep valuations of approximately 360x PE for FY26. Q: How did Tesla's gross margins perform? A: Gross margins improved significantly by 3.8 percentage points year-over-year to 20.1%, driven by higher vehicle average gross profit, growth in energy storage and services segments, and increased automotive ancillary sales including FSD subscriptions. Q: What happened to Tesla's market position in China? A: Tesla lost market share in China, dropping to 5.7% in Q4 2025 from 7.2% in Q4 2024, while domestic China sales fell 2% year-over-year despite the overall Chinese EV market growing 16% during the same period. Q: How did non-automotive segments perform? A: Non-automotive revenue grew 22% year-over-year, comprising 29% of total revenue. Services revenue increased 18% year-over-year, while energy generation and storage revenue surged 25% year-over-year driven by record Megapack deployments. Q: What are the key risks facing Tesla? A: Tesla faces multiple headwinds including tariffs, loss of tax credits, declining market share in China, and the distant timeline for significant revenue contribution from autonomous driving, robotaxi, and robotics initiatives, which are expected to take more than five years to materialise. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

    ETF Market Review: February Outlook Signals Strong Performance

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 15 

    Current Market Trends Analysis The technical landscape across major asset classes reveals distinct patterns heading into February. The S&P 500, Gold, and Singapore Equities are currently maintaining upward trends. Meanwhile, US Treasury Bonds, Oil, and the Hang Seng Index have entered range consolidation phases. Bitcoin stands out as the only major asset class currently experiencing a downtrend, reflecting ongoing volatility in the cryptocurrency space. February Market Outlook Looking ahead to February, we anticipate a bullish environment for several key asset classes. ETFs tracking the S&P 500 are expected to continue their upward trajectory. Oil ETFs are projected to gain momentum despite their current consolidation phase, potentially building on January's strong performance. Singapore Equities and the Hang Seng Index are both positioned for gains, with the latter expected to break out of its current range-bound trading pattern. However, not all asset classes are expected to maintain their positive momentum. Gold ETFs are likely to experience a pullback after their recent uptrend, while Bitcoin ETFs may continue facing headwinds given their current downward trajectory. US Treasury Bond ETFs are expected to remain in their current rangebound pattern, suggesting limited directional movement in the near term. Frequently Asked Questions Q: Which ETF was the top performer in January? A: The ETF tracking Oil (XOP) was the top performer, surging 11% during January. Q: Which asset classes declined in January? A: Only US Treasury Bonds (IEF) and Bitcoin (BITO) posted negative returns, falling 0.2% and 4.6% respectively. Q: What asset classes are currently in an uptrend? A: The S&P 500, Gold, and Singapore Equities are currently maintaining upward trends. . Q: Which markets are expected to gain in February? A: ETFs tracking the S&P 500, Oil, Singapore Equities, and the Hang Seng Index are expected to post gains in February. Q: What is the outlook for Gold and Bitcoin ETFs? A: Both Gold and Bitcoin ETFs are likely to experience pullbacks in February, despite Gold's current uptrend. . Q: Which asset classes are in range consolidation phases? A: US Treasury Bonds, Oil, and the Hang Seng Index are currently in range consolidation phases. Q: What is expected for US Treasury Bond ETFs in February? A: US Treasury Bond ETFs are likely to remain rangebound, continuing their current consolidation pattern. Q: How did most ETFs perform overall in January? A: Most ETFs were in the green during January, with only two major asset classes posting negative returns. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

    CapitaLand Ascott Trust Shows Stable Performance, Strong Portfolio

    Published on Feb 9, 2026 14 

    Company Overview CapitaLand Ascott Trust operates as a hospitality-focused REIT with a geographically diversified portfolio spanning key markets including Australia, Singapore, the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The trust maintains a balanced income structure with 65% stable income streams and growth-oriented assets, positioning it as a leading player in the hospitality sector. Strong Financial Performance Drives Distribution Growth Despite maintaining a stable DPU, CLAS achieved notable financial improvements during FY25. Income available for distribution surged 11% year-on-year to S$256.7 million, driven by enhanced operating performance and successful portfolio reconstitution initiatives. After retaining S$23.2 million for asset enhancement initiatives and working capital requirements, total distribution to unitholders increased 1% year-on-year to S$233.5 million. The trust's portfolio Revenue Per Available Unit (RevPAU) demonstrated consistent growth, rising 2% year-on-year in Q4 2025 to S$180, while full-year RevPAU reached S$161, up 3% year-on-year. This improvement was primarily attributed to a 2-percentage point increase in occupancy rates to 83%, which reflects stronger market demand and effective asset management. Market Performance and Outlook CLAS reported robust performance across most key markets on a same-store basis during Q4 2025. Australia, Singapore, and the USA recorded impressive RevPAU increases of 8%, 8%, and 9% respectively. While Japan and the UK initially showed declines of 42% and 2% respectively due to acquisitions, divestments, and asset enhancement preparations, same-store performance in these markets actually increased by 11% and 10% respectively. Investment Recommendation and Financial Position Phillip Securities Research maintains an ACCUMULATE recommendation with an upgraded target price of S$1.08, increased from the previous S$1.05. The trust maintains a strong financial position with an effective borrowing cost of 2.9% and improved gearing from 39.3% to 37.7% quarter-on-quarter. With 78% of debt on fixed rates and a healthy interest coverage ratio of 3 times, CLAS is well-positioned for future growth. The trust has guided for a stable DPU of 6.1 Singapore cents for FY26, supported by over S$300 million in available divestment gains to offset major ongoing asset enhancement initiatives. Frequently Asked Questions Q: What was CLAS's DPU performance for FY2025? A: CLAS maintained a stable DPU of 6.10 Singapore cents for FY25, unchanged from the previous year and in line with expectations. Q: How did the trust's income available for distribution perform for FY2025? A: Income available for distribution increased significantly by 11% year-on-year to S$256.7 million, driven by stronger operating performance and portfolio reconstitution initiatives. Q: What drove the improvement in portfolio RevPAU? A: The 4Q25 portfolio RevPAU rose 2% year-on-year to S$180, primarily driven by a 2-percentage point increase in occupancy rates to 83%. Q: Which markets showed the strongest performance? A: On a same-store basis, Australia, Singapore, and the USA recorded strong RevPAU increases of 8%, 8%, and 9% respectively in Q4 2025. Q: What is Phillip Securities Research's recommendation and target price? A: Phillip Securities Research maintains an ACCUMULATE recommendation with a target price of S$1.08, increased from the previous S$1.05. Q: How is the trust's financial position? A: CLAS maintains a strong financial position with an effective borrowing cost of 2.9%, improved gearing of 37.7%, and 78% of debt on fixed rates with a healthy interest coverage ratio of 3 times. Q: What is the outlook for FY2026? A: CLAS has guided for a stable DPU of 6.1 Singapore cents for FY26, with expectations of low single-digit portfolio RevPAU growth supported by improving occupancy. Q: What resources does CLAS have for future initiatives? A: The trust has over S$300 million in divestment gains available on the balance sheet to support ongoing asset enhancement initiatives and offset their impact on distributions. This article has been auto-generated using PhillipGPT. It is based on a report by a Phillip Securities Research analyst.    Disclaimer These commentaries are intended for general circulation and do not have regard to the specific investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of any person. Accordingly, no warranty whatsoever is given and no liability whatsoever is accepted for any loss arising whether directly or indirectly as a result of any person acting based on this information. You should seek advice from a financial adviser regarding the suitability of any investment product(s) mentioned herein, taking into account your specific investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs, before making a commitment to invest in such products. Opinions expressed in these commentaries are subject to change without notice. Investments are subject to investment risks including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. The value of units in any fund and the income from them may fall as well as rise. Past performance figures as well as any projection or forecast used in these commentaries are not necessarily indicative of future or likely performance. Phillip Securities Pte Ltd (PSPL), its directors, connected persons or employees may from time to time have an interest in the financial instruments mentioned in these commentaries. The information contained in these commentaries has been obtained from public sources which PSPL has no reason to believe are unreliable and any analysis, forecasts, projections, expectations and opinions (collectively the “Research”) contained in these commentaries are based on such information and are expressions of belief only. PSPL has not verified this information and no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made that such information or Research is accurate, complete or verified or should be relied upon as such. Any such information or Research contained in these commentaries are subject to change, and PSPL shall not have any responsibility to maintain the information or Research made available or to supply any corrections, updates or releases in connection therewith. In no event will PSPL be liable for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damages which may be incurred from the use of the information or Research made available, even if it has been advised of the possibility of such damages. The companies and their employees mentioned in these commentaries cannot be held liable for any errors, inaccuracies and/or omissions howsoever caused. Any opinion or advice herein is made on a general basis and is subject to change without notice. The information provided in these commentaries may contain optimistic statements regarding future events or future financial performance of countries, markets or companies. You must make your own financial assessment of the relevance, accuracy and adequacy of the information provided in these commentaries. Views and any strategies described in these commentaries may not be suitable for all investors. Opinions expressed herein may differ from the opinions expressed by other units of PSPL or its connected persons and associates. Any reference to or discussion of investment products or commodities in these commentaries is purely for illustrative purposes only and must not be construed as a recommendation, an offer or solicitation for the subscription, purchase or sale of the investment products or commodities mentioned. This advertisement has not been reviewed by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

    IMPORTANT INFORMATION

    This material is provided by Phillip Capital Management (S) Ltd (“PCM”) for general information only and does not constitute a recommendation, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of any offer to invest in any of the exchange-traded fund (“ETF”) or the unit trust (“Products”) mentioned herein. It does not have any regard to your specific investment objectives, financial situation and any of your particular needs. You should read the Prospectus and the accompanying Product Highlights Sheet (“PHS”) for key features, key risks and other important information of the Products and obtain advice from a financial adviser (“FA“) pursuant to a separate engagement before making a commitment to invest in the Products. In the event that you choose not to obtain advice from a FA, you should assess whether the Products are suitable for you before proceeding to invest. A copy of the Prospectus and PHS are available from PCM, any of its Participating Dealers (“PDs“) for the ETF, or any of its authorised distributors for the unit trust managed by PCM.  

    An ETF is not like a typical unit trust as the units of the ETF (the “Units“) are to be listed and traded like any share on the Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (“SGX-ST”). Listing on the SGX-ST does not guarantee a liquid market for the Units which may be traded at prices above or below its NAV or may be suspended or delisted. Investors may buy or sell the Units on SGX-ST when it is listed. Investors cannot create or redeem Units directly with PCM and have no rights to request PCM to redeem or purchase their Units. Creation and redemption of Units are through PDs if investors are clients of the PDs, who have no obligation to agree to create or redeem Units on behalf of any investor and may impose terms and conditions in connection with such creation or redemption orders. Please refer to the Prospectus of the ETF for more details.  

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